(2.1 beta)

(2.1-beta input data)

LUTO 2 is version two of the Land-Use Trade-Offs model. The model predicts future spatial land-use distributions based on a economic cost-minimisation logic under various constraints, including environmental limits. The model is contained in a Python package (the framework) and can be run interactively or in a scripted manner (for batch runs).

The LUTO 2 modelling framework was developed at Deakin University by Fjalar de Haan, Brett Bryan, Carla Archibald, Michalis Hadjikakou, Shakil Khan, Raymundo Marcos-Martinez, Javier Navarro, Asef Nazari, and Dhananjay Thiruvady (see CITATION.cff) from early 2021 to early 2022. This work was funded by the Land-Use Futures program at ClimateWorks Australia. The Land-Use Futures project is a collaboration between ClimateWorks Australia, the CSIRO and Deakin University (see luf@cwa and luf@deakin). LUTO 2 continues the approach to land-use change modelling of its predecessor, the original LUTO, which was developed at the CSIRO from 2010 - 2015 (see also Pedigree, below) and published under the GNU GPLv3 in 2021.

LUTO 2 is based on the original LUTO as regards its overall approach to land-use change modelling. In particular aspects like discretising the land-use map at a 1x1 square kilometres scale and representing it as a 1D array with land-uses as integers. The code and more information about the original LUTO model can be found at luto@csiro and should be cited as: Bryan, Brett; Nolan, Martin; Stock, Florian; Graham, Paul; Dunstall, Simon; Ernst, Andreas; Connor, Jeff (2021): Land Use Trade-Offs (LUTO) Model. v1. CSIRO. Software Collection. https://doi.org/10.25919/y8ee-sk45.

LUTO 2 is, however, a new model, written completely from scratch -- there is no original LUTO code in the LUTO 2 code base. The LUTO 2 economic logic governing land-use change is very different from that of the original LUTO. While the original LUTO is based on the assumption that farmers try to optimise their profits, the leading LUTO 2 assumption is that the overall agricultural system tries to minimise its costs of production (including costs of switching between agricultural commodities). Whilst the original LUTO allowed switching from a current land-use to an alternative in a one-way fashion, LUTO 2 features full commodity switching. Both LUTOs are optimisation models but different commercial solvers are used (CPLEX in original LUTO, GUROBI in LUTO 2). The spatial domains are different in extent, with LUTO 2's being nearly 10 times as large. The data requirements to run LUTO 2 are consequentially different and heavier. There is no backwards compatibility whatsoever.

Documentation, including instructions on how to set up and run LUTO 2, can be found at docs/luto2-overview.pdf.

LUTO 2.0 comes with a full diagram to illustrate its data preparation, workflow and code logics. The diagram link can be found in this link.

Copyright 2021 Fjalar J. de Haan and Brett A. Bryan, Deakin University.

LUTO 2 is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

See the CITATION.cff file for the LUTO 2 authors and how to cite the code base.