A list of resources related to increasing the throughput of transactions on the Ethereum mainnet.

• An Incomplete Guide to Rollups
• Hop: Send Tokens Across Rollups
• EVM optimistic rollup using Truebit
• SIDECHAINS ARE NOT LAYER 2
• Why Smart Contracts are NOT feasible on Plasma
• OVM Deep Dive
• A note on bridges & layer-2 protocols
• Pessimistic rollup: Scalable batched smart contract interactions
• BentoBox, to launch and beyond
• Optimistic Rollup is Not Secure Enough Than You Think — Game Theoretic Approach for More Verifiable Rollup
• A rollup-centric ethereum roadmap
• How rollup fees work

• EIP-2028: Transaction data gas cost reduction
• Ethereum Wire Protocol
• Flashbots documentation

• Cambridge Bitcoin Electricity Consumption Index
• Saving Gas on the Ethereum Mainnet
• Gas cost of BLS Signatures
• awesome-solidity-gas-optimization

SSTORE2 uses the Ethereum contract storage CREATE2 and CREATE3 to store storage variables. At a size of more than 32 bytes, this allows an improved way of storing variables. There are two interesting libraries implementing this concept:

• 0xsequence/sstore2
• Rari-Capital/solmate

• List of Solidity libraries in the wild
• ethereum/eth2.0-specs

• Merkling in Ethereum
• Erigon DB Walkthrough
• jzaki/bls-wallet

• OZ's BitMaps implementation

• FAN, Bin, et al. Cuckoo filter: Practically better than bloom. In: Proceedings of the 10th ACM International on Conference on emerging Networking Experiments and Technologies. 2014. S. 75-88.
  • Go implementation that contains an explicit implementation of a fingerprint function
  • cuckoo filter implementation
• Golomb-coded map implementation
• Xor filter implementation
• Bloom filter online optimizer
• Bloom filters By Example
• Simple Bloom Filter in Solidity
• Probabilistic Filters By Example: Cuckoo vs. bloom filters

• weiroll/weiroll

• opentimestamps/opentimestamps-server merkle-mountain-range.md
• nervosnetwork/merkle-mountain-range readme.md
• mimblewimble/grin mmr.md

sparse Merkle trees can be gas optimized. In the listing below, a ✔️ indicates that the tree has been gas optimized.

• ethereum/eth2.0-specs deposit_contract.sol ✔️
• leapdao/leap-contracts SparseMerkleTree.sol ✔️
• loomnetwork/plasma-cash SparseMerkleTree.sol ✔️
• thehubbleproject/hubble-contracts MerkleTree.sol
• OffchainLabs/arbitrum MerkleLib.sol
• ethereum-optimism/optimism MerkleTrie.sol
• kautukkundan/pessimistic-swaps AccountTree.sol
• OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts MerkleProof.sol
• dharma-eng/Tiramisu lib/merkle
• rugpullindex/indexed-sparse-merkle-tree ✔️

• Layer 2 Index L2Beat
• Optimistic Rollups:
  • The Hubble Project
  • Arbitrum
  • Nutberry
  • Optimism
  • dharma-eng/Tiramisu
• Pessimistic Rollups:
  • Pessimistic swaps
• Zero Knowledge Proof
  • Cairo Programming Language
  • zkSync
  • Polylang
• Rollup Interoperability
  • hop.exchange