In this tutorial, we will use Terraform to set up a basic AWS infrastructure, including a VPC, public and private subnets, an Internet Gateway, a route table, a security group, and an EC2 instance hosting a simple website. The tutorial will guide you through each step, providing explanations for each Terraform block.
Create a new directory for your Terraform project and navigate into it:
mkdir terraform_project
cd terraform_project
Initialize the Terraform project:
terraform init
Create a file named main.tf and add the initial code to define the AWS provider and create a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC):
provider "aws" {
region = "your_region"
}
resource "aws_vpc" "my_vpc" {
cidr_block = "10.0.0.0/16"
}
Replace "your_region" with your desired AWS region.
Extend the main.tf file to include the creation of public and private subnets within the VPC:
resource "aws_subnet" "public_subnet" {
vpc_id = aws_vpc.my_vpc.id
cidr_block = "10.0.1.0/24"
availability_zone = "your_az" # replace with your desired availability zone
map_public_ip_on_launch = true
}
resource "aws_subnet" "private_subnet" {
vpc_id = aws_vpc.my_vpc.id
cidr_block = "10.0.2.0/24"
availability_zone = "your_az" # replace with your desired availability zone
}
Replace "your_az" with your desired availability zone.
Extend the main.tf file to include the creation of an Internet Gateway and a route table for the public subnet:
resource "aws_internet_gateway" "my_igw" {
vpc_id = aws_vpc.my_vpc.id
}
resource "aws_route_table" "public_route_table" {
vpc_id = aws_vpc.my_vpc.id
}
resource "aws_route" "public_route" {
route_table_id = aws_route_table.public_route_table.id
destination_cidr_block = "0.0.0.0/0"
gateway_id = aws_internet_gateway.my_igw.id
}
Extend the main.tf file to associate the route table with the public subnet:
resource "aws_route_table_association" "public_association" {
subnet_id = aws_subnet.public_subnet.id
route_table_id = aws_route_table.public_route_table.id
}
Extend the main.tf file to create a security group allowing SSH and HTTP traffic:
resource "aws_security_group" "web_sg" {
name = "web_sg"
description = "Security group for the web instance"
vpc_id = aws_vpc.my_vpc.id
ingress {
from_port = 22
to_port = 22
protocol = "tcp"
cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
}
ingress {
from_port = 80
to_port = 80
protocol = "tcp"
cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
}
egress {
from_port = 0
to_port = 0
protocol = "-1"
cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
}
}
Extend the main.tf file to create an EC2 instance in the public subnet:
resource "aws_instance" "web_instance" {
ami = "ami-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" # Replace with Ubuntu AMI
instance_type = "t2.micro"
subnet_id = aws_subnet.public_subnet.id
vpc_security_group_ids = [aws_security_group.web_sg.id]
user_data = <<-EOF
#!/bin/bash
apt-get update
apt-get install -y apache2
systemctl start apache2
systemctl enable apache2
echo "<h1>Hello from Terraform</h1>" > /var/www/html/index.html
EOF
}
Replace "ami-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" with the correct Ubuntu AMI for your region.
Run the following command to apply the Terraform configuration:
terraform apply
Terraform will prompt you to confirm the changes. Type "yes" to proceed.
After Terraform applies the configuration, open the EC2 instance's public IP or DNS in a web browser to verify that the website is hosted successfully.
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