In this Code Pattern, we will create an Alexa skill using Watson Conversation via the Apache OpenWhisk serverless framework. Alexa is the voice service behind products like the Amazon Echo. IBM Cloud Functions (based on Apache OpenWhisk) will be used to integrate Alexa with Watson Conversation. Credit goes to Niklas Heidloff for creating the original project.

An example conversation is included to demonstrate how to pass context between different intents. You can also use this Code Pattern to try out a conversation from the Bot Asset Exchange (BAE).

When the reader has completed this Code Pattern, they will understand how to:

• Create an OpenWhisk action in the IBM Cloud Functions serverless platform
• Use Redis to store a session's conversation context across events
• Import a conversation from the Bot Asset Exchange (BAE) or a JSON file
• Invoke a conversation with Watson using Node.js
• Use the Weather Channel Data service to lookup locations and forecasts
• Create an Alexa skill to reach tens of millions of customers

1. User says "Alexa, ask Watson...".
2. Alexa invokes IBM Cloud Functions with input text.
3. The action gets the conversation context from Redis (if any).
4. The action gets a response from Watson Conversation.
5. The Weather Company Data service provides the forecast (when applicable).
6. The response context is stored in Redis.
7. The response text is sent back to Alexa.
8. Alexa replies to the user.

• Watson Conversation: Create a chatbot with a program that conducts a conversation via auditory or textual methods.
• OpenWhisk: Execute code on demand in a highly scalable, serverless environment.
• Redis: An open-source, in-memory data structure store, used as a database, cache and message broker.

• Serverless: An event-action platform that allows you to execute code in response to an event.
• Databases: Repository for storing and managing collections of data.
• Node.js: An open-source JavaScript run-time environment for executing server-side JavaScript code.

1. Clone the repo
2. Create a Watson Conversation workspace
3. Create a Compose for Redis service
4. Create a Weather Company Data service
5. Configure credentials
6. Create the OpenWhisk action
7. Create an Alexa skill
8. Talk to it

Clone the alexa-skill-watson-conversation repo locally and cd to the local repo (for commands in later steps). In a terminal, run:

$ git clone https://github.com/IBM/alexa-skill-watson-conversation
$ cd alexa-skill-watson-conversation

Sign up for IBM Cloud if you don't have an IBM Cloud account yet.

Use one or both of these options (with or without BAE) to setup a Conversation workspace.

If you are using BAE, use Get a bot and Get this bot to automatically create your Conversation service and import your workspace(s). The service will be named Bot Asset Exchange Workspaces and can hold up to 5 selected workspaces.

Create the service by following this link and hitting Create:

• Watson Conversation

Import the Conversation workspace.json:

• Find the Conversation service in your IBM Cloud Dashboard.
• Click on the service and then click on Launch Tool.
• Click on the import icon (next to the Workspaces Create button).
• Click Choose a file and find the local version of data/conversation/workspaces/workspace.json.
• Select Everything and click Import.

Follow this link and hit Create:

• Compose for Redis

If you are using the provided workspace.json, use Weather Company Data to provide weather responses.

Follow this link and hit Create:

• Weather Company Data

This service includes an OpenWhisk package. Run the following to install the OpenWhisk bindings for IBM Cloud:

$ bx plugin install Cloud-Functions -r Bluemix

Run the following command to update your OpenWhisk bindings if they are already installed:

$ bx wsk package refresh

Run the following to test OpenWhisk on IBM Cloud:

$ bx wsk action invoke /whisk.system/utils/echo -p message hello --result

The credentials for IBM Cloud services (Conversation, Compose for Redis and Weather Company Data), can be found in the Services menu in IBM Cloud, by selecting the Service Credentials option for each service.

Find the WORKSPACE_ID by clicking on the context menu of the workspace and select View details.

The default runtime parameters need to be set for the action. These can be set on the command-line or via the IBM Cloud UI. Here we've provided a params.sample file for you to copy and use with the -param-file .params option.

Copy the params.sample to .params.

$ cp params.sample .params

Edit the .params file and add the required settings.

{
  "CONVERSATION_USERNAME": "<add_conversation_username>",
  "CONVERSATION_PASSWORD": "<add_conversation_password>",
  "WORKSPACE_ID": "<add_conversation_workspace_id>",
  "REDIS_URI": "<add_redis_uri>",
  "WEATHER_URL": "<add_weather_url>"
}

Run these commands to gather Node.js requirements, zip the source files, and upload the zipped files to create a raw HTTP web action in OpenWhisk.

Note: You can use the same commands to update the action if you modify the code.

$ npm install
$ zip -r action.zip *
$ bx wsk action update alexa-watson action.zip --kind nodejs:6 --web raw --param-file .params

Sign up for an Amazon Developer Portal account here.

Follow the instructions here to register your new skill using the Alexa Skills Kit.

Select Custom Interaction Model and choose a Name and Invocation Name.

Save and hit Next and then you will enter an Intent Schema, Custom Slot Types and Sample Utterances. We'll use a very minimal data here and let Watson Conversation do most of the work.

Copy the data from data/alexa to fill out these three sections.

On the configuration page you need to define an HTTPS service endpoint which is the URL of your OpenWhisk action ending with '.json'. To find this URL, navigate to IBM Cloud Functions - Actions, click on your action and navigate to Endpoints.

To get the Web Action URL, take the example POST URL and:

• Replace "/namespaces/" with "/web/"
• Replace "/actions/" with "/default/" (or your package name)
• Add a ".json" suffix

You can use the POST URL in this script to get the proper Web Action URL:

echo <POST_URL> | sed -e s/namespaces/web/ -e s/actions/default/ |rename -n 's/$/.json/'

The resulting URL will have the following structure:

https://{APIHOST}/api/v1/web/{namespace}/{packageName}/{actionName}.json

Hit Next. Under 'Certificate for DEFAULT Endpoint:' select the My development endpoint is a sub-domain of a domain that has a wildcard certificate from a certificate authority option.

Hit Next and your skill is ready for testing!

You can run the sample via Alexa enabled devices, or the Echo simulator or the service simulator in the Amazon developer portal.

You can invite others to test it with the beta test feature. In order to be eligible for beta test, you must fill out most of the publishing information.

You probably shouldn't publish this example, but you are now ready to create and publish your own Alexa skill.

Here is a sample conversation flow using the provided conversation workspace.json:

• User: Alexa, ask Watson what do you know about me?
• Alexa/Watson: I don't know anything about you. Where do you live?
• User: Alexa, tell Watson Berlin
• Alexa/Watson: I understand you live in Berlin.
• User: Alexa, ask Watson what is the weather forecast?
• Alexa/Watson: Looking up weather information for Berlin ...

The sample has been implemented via the slots filling functionality in Watson Conversation. The screenshot shows how the entity (slot) 'location' is defined as mandatory and how the value is stored in a context variable.

The next screenshot shows how the location is automatically used in the next 'weather' intent.

Use the IBM Cloud UI to monitor logs, or use this command to show the latest activation log:

bx wsk activation list -l1 | tail -n1 | cut -d ' ' -f1 | xargs bx wsk activation logs

• Invoke from command line

  Use these commands to invoke the action (named alexa-watson in the example) without any input, then check the latest logs. Expect an error ("Must be called from Alexa").

  bx wsk action invoke alexa-watson -bvd
  bx wsk activation list -l1 | tail -n1 | cut -d ' ' -f1 | xargs bx wsk activation logs
  

• Demo on Youtube: Watch the video.
• Watson Node.js SDK: Download the Watson Node SDK.
• Alexa/Google Home infinite loop conversation: Check out how it works.
• Award winners: Amazon Alexa and IBM Watson won the 2016 Voice Assistant Wars.
• Bluemix Stirred: Learn how to use the Amazon Echo and Dot with the Watson Conversation Service.

• Artificial Intelligence Code Patterns: Enjoyed this Code Pattern? Check out our other AI Code Patterns.
• AI and Data Code Pattern Playlist: Bookmark our playlist with all of our Code Pattern videos
• With Watson: Want to take your Watson app to the next level? Looking to utilize Watson Brand assets? Join the With Watson program to leverage exclusive brand, marketing, and tech resources to amplify and accelerate your Watson embedded commercial solution.

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