In this tutorial we will create an app using Ionic framework (http://ionicframework.com), AngularJS (https://angularjs.org/), Apache Cordova (http://cordova.apache.org/) and Salesforce REST API.

Ionic framnework offers a library of mobile-optimized HTML, CSS and JS components for building highly interactive corss-platfotm mobile apps. It is built on top of Apache Cordova and optimized for AngularJS this giving your application the clear structre and usage of best practices.

REST APIs are accessible form any environment that can send an HTTP request. In many ways it's the most flexible way to communicate to Salesforce platform and gives you the ability to fully control your data flow.

We will go through the following steps:

• Step 1. Creating Salesforce Connected App
• Step 2. Adding custom SObject
• Step 3. Installing Ionic framework
• Step 4. Creating Ionic app, installing required Cordova plugins
• Step 5. Getting authentication token through OAuth2 flow
• Step 6. Creating new "Position" object
• Step 7. Starting geolocation and logging position to server
• Step 8. Retrieving position history from server and displaying it

First of all you need to create a Connected app on Force.com.

• Go to https://developer.salesforce.com/, sign up and navigate to your developer account.

• In the side menu choose Create > Apps and create new Connected App.

• Name it "SF Sample 1", enter your email and check "Enable OAuth Settings"

• Enter sfsampleapp://oauth-callback as your Callback URL.

• Add "Full access" to Selected OAuth Scopes

• Save Connected App

  

You may heve noticed we're using custom URL scheme for the callback. Our app is registered in the system as the one that opens this type of URLs so we get a callback when user is done with the login process on the Salesforce web site.

We're going to use a custom object for storing location data in the Salesforce cloud. So we need to create one:

• Select Create > Objects in the side menu
• Click "New Custom Object" button
• Enter "Position" as object label, "Positions" as plural label. "Position__c" will be automatically assigned as an API name for our object. We'll use this name for call to REST API.
• Leave other setting to default and hit Save

Now we need to install Ionic CLI tools. Since Ionic is built on top of Apache Cordova, we need to install it too. Assuming you already have nodejs and npm on your system (here is an instruction how to istall them if you don't), run the following commands in your terminal:

• Install Cordova and Ionic CLI: npm install -g cordova ionic
• Create a new tabbed app: ionic start "SF Sample" tabs
• Enter the created app directory: cd SF\ Sample

Go to https://github.com/myurasov/Salesforce-REST-API-Ionic-framework-app-sample and copy all files from the repository to the current folder.

App uses few of Cordova plugins:

• LaunchMyApp for custom url scheme handling
• org.apache.cordova.inappbrowser for opening OAuth URL in external browser
• cordova-plugin-geolocation for location detection

Install them by executing the following commands:

cordova plugin add https://github.com/EddyVerbruggen/LaunchMyApp-PhoneGap-Plugin.git --variable URL_SCHEME=sfsampleapp
cordova plugin add org.apache.cordova.inappbrowser
cordova plugin add https://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/cordova-plugin-geolocation.git

Edit www/js/app.js and replace ---your-app-client-id--- with your Salesforce Connected App Client Id (can be seen in your Force.com developer account under Create > Apps > SF Sample 1 > Manage).

At this point you should be able to launch your app. Run the following commands to open app in the iOS emulator (iOS SDK should be installed to be able to do it):

ionic platform add ios
ionic build ios
ionic emulate ios

You should see app loading and immediately opening Salesforce login page. After entering your login credentials and pressing "Log in to Salesforce" app is automatically opened ready to be used:

Let's dig into the code to see what's actually happening here.

First of all let's take a loot at www/js/services.js:

// auth service
app.factory('auth', function ($window, salesforce_client_id) {

  return {
    get: function () {
      var data = $window.localStorage.auth;
      console.log('auth.get', data);
      return data ? JSON.parse(data) : false;
    },

    set: function (data) {
      data = JSON.stringify(data);
      console.log('auth.set', data);
      $window.localStorage.auth = data;
    },

    erase: function () {
      delete $window.localStorage.auth;
    },

    // open OAuth page in external browser
    openLogin: function () {
      $window.open(
        'https://login.salesforce.com/services/oauth2/authorize' +
          '?response_type=token&display=touch' +
          '&redirect_uri=sfsampleapp://oauth-callback' +
          '&client_id=' + salesforce_client_id,
        '_system',
        'location=yes'
      )
    }
  }
});

We see the auth service defined. It has methods to read/store/delete login information and openLogin() method which opens Salesforce login dialog optimized for smartphones.

Now knowing about what auth service is we can understand the following piece of code in www/js/app.js:

  ...
  // check auth data
  .run(function ($ionicPlatform, auth) {
    $ionicPlatform.ready(function () {
      if (false === auth.get()) {
        auth.openLogin();
      }
    })
  })
  ...
  

It basically checks whether we have an auth token and if not – opens Salesforce login dialog. When user is done with login browser is redirected to redirect_uri parameter passed initially to Salesforce OAuth server. In our case it is sfsampleapp://oauth-callback – custom url scheme that our app is registered to handle. When app is invoked with this custom url scheme the global handleOpenURL() function is executed:

// handle custom url scheme
function handleOpenURL(url) {

  var path = url.match('://(.*?)[\\?#]')[1];

  if (path == 'oauth-callback') {

    // get hash part
    var query = url.substr(url.indexOf("#") + 1);

    var data = {};

    // split into parts
    var parts = query.split('&');

    // read names and values
    for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) {
      var name = parts[i].substr(0, parts[i].indexOf('='));
      var val = parts[i].substr(parts[i].indexOf('=') + 1);
      val = decodeURIComponent(val);
      data[name] = val;
    }

    // save auth using LayoutController

    var $scope = angular.element(document.body).scope();

    $scope.$apply(function () {
      $scope.onAuth(data);
    });
  }
}

The actual URL received by this function looks like:

sfsampleapp://oauth-callback
#access_token=TOKEN
&instance_url=https%3A%2F%2Fna15.salesforce.com
&id=https%3A%2F%2Flogin.salesforce.com%2Fid%2F00Di0000000i7UjEAI%2F005i0000002Cy97AAC
&issued_at=1398573122814&signature=NDlJ9Gnz1of90yb1%2BvIgwPtl%2FQqEU31bJZ392LZeWf3D
&scope=full
&token_type=Bearer

Here are meaning of some passed params:

• access_token - temporary token that serves for authorizing access to Salesforce APIs
• instance_url - API endpoint that should be used by our application
• issued_at - Unix timestamp of the token creation date

Authentication params are parsed into JavaScript object and then using $scope.$apply() and LoginController passed to auth service to be saved.

Now when we have access token the rest is done with CRUD operations on a Position resource in www/js/controlles.js.

Creation of the new Position object with POST method on collection:

$.ajax({
  url: authData.instance_url + '/services/data/v29.0/sobjects/Position__c',
  type: 'POST',
  headers: {
    'Authorization': authData.token_type + ' ' + authData.access_token,
    'Content-type': 'application/json'
  },
  data: JSON.stringify({'Data__c': ''}),
})

Update with PATCH method on resource:

$.ajax({
  url: authData.instance_url + '/services/data/v29.0/sobjects/Position__c/' + $rootScope.positionObjectId,
  type: 'PATCH',
  headers: {
    'Authorization': authData.token_type + ' ' + authData.access_token,
    'Content-type': 'application/json'
  },
  data: JSON.stringify({'Data__c': JSON.stringify(positionList)}),
});

And finally we use GET method to retrieve stored positions in HistroryController:

$.ajax({
  url: authData.instance_url + '/services/data/v29.0/sobjects/Position__c/' + $rootScope.positionObjectId,
  type: 'GET',
  headers: {
    'Authorization': authData.token_type + ' ' + authData.access_token,
    'Content-type': 'application/json'
  }
})

We have created an app utilizing Salesforce in a flexible way without using any SDKs or libraries, but using only open standards - OAuth protocol and RESTful APIs. The same approach can be easily ported to virtually any environment making it attractive in modern multi-platform environment.

I am a full-stack mobile/web/connected devices developer specializing in leading projects from the idea to the full implementation. Feel free to contact me at [email protected] for any comments and questions or visit my:

• LinkedIn
• GitHub

Thank you for reading!