A Simple and Comprehensive Vulnerability Scanner for Containers, Suitable for CI.
Table of Contents
- Abstract
- Features
- Installation
- Quick Start
- Examples
- Standalone
- Scan an image
- Scan an image file
- Save the results as JSON
- Save the results using a template
- Filter the vulnerabilities by severities
- Filter the vulnerabilities by type
- Skip an update of vulnerability DB
- Ignore unfixed vulnerabilities
- Specify exit code
- Ignore the specified vulnerabilities
- Clear image caches
- Reset
- Lightweight DB
- Client/Server
- Standalone
- Continuous Integration (CI)
- Vulnerability Detection
- Usage
- Comparison with other scanners
- Migration
- Q&A
Abstract
Trivy (tri pronounced like trigger, vy pronounced like envy) is a simple and comprehensive vulnerability scanner for containers.
A software vulnerability is a glitch, flaw, or weakness present in the software or in an Operating System.
Trivy detects vulnerabilities of OS packages (Alpine, RHEL, CentOS, etc.) and application dependencies (Bundler, Composer, npm, yarn etc.).
Trivy is easy to use. Just install the binary and you're ready to scan. All you need to do for scanning is to specify an image name of the container.
It is considered to be used in CI. Before pushing to a container registry, you can scan your local container image easily. See here for details.
Features
- Detect comprehensive vulnerabilities
- OS packages (Alpine, Red Hat Universal Base Image, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, CentOS, Oracle Linux, Debian, Ubuntu, Amazon Linux, openSUSE Leap, SUSE Enterprise Linux, Photon OS and Distroless)
- Application dependencies (Bundler, Composer, Pipenv, Poetry, npm, yarn and Cargo)
- Simple
- Specify only an image name
- See Quick Start and Examples
- Fast
- The first scan will finish within 10 seconds (depending on your network). Consequent scans will finish in single seconds.
- Unlike other scanners that take long to fetch vulnerability information (~10 minutes) on the first run, and encourage you to maintain the a durable vulnerability database, Trivy is stateless and requires no maintenance or preparation.
- Easy installation
apt-get install,yum installandbrew installis possible (See Installation)- No pre-requisites such as installation of DB, libraries, etc. (The exception is that you need
rpminstalled to scan images based on RHEL/CentOS. This is automatically included if you use our installers or the Trivy container image. See Vulnerability Detection for background information.)
- High accuracy
- Especially Alpine Linux and RHEL/CentOS
- Other OSes are also high
- DevSecOps
- Suitable for CI such as Travis CI, CircleCI, Jenkins, etc.
- See CI Example
Please see LICENSE for Trivy licensing information. Note that Trivy uses vulnerability information from a variety of sources, some of which are licensed for non-commercial use only.
Installation
RHEL/CentOS
Add repository setting to /etc/yum.repos.d.
$ sudo vim /etc/yum.repos.d/trivy.repo
[trivy]
name=Trivy repository
baseurl=https://aquasecurity.github.io/trivy-repo/rpm/releases/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
$ sudo yum -y update
$ sudo yum -y install trivy
or
$ rpm -ivh https://github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/releases/download/v0.1.6/trivy_0.1.6_Linux-64bit.rpm
Debian/Ubuntu
Add repository to /etc/apt/sources.list.d.
$ sudo apt-get install wget apt-transport-https gnupg lsb-release
$ wget -qO - https://aquasecurity.github.io/trivy-repo/deb/public.key | sudo apt-key add -
$ echo deb https://aquasecurity.github.io/trivy-repo/deb $(lsb_release -sc) main | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/trivy.list
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install trivy
or
$ sudo apt-get install rpm
$ wget https://github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/releases/download/v0.1.6/trivy_0.1.6_Linux-64bit.deb
$ sudo dpkg -i trivy_0.1.6_Linux-64bit.deb
Arch Linux
Package trivy-bin can be installed from the Arch User Repository. Examples:
pikaur -Sy trivy-bin
or
yay -Sy trivy-bin
Homebrew
You can use homebrew on macOS.
$ brew install aquasecurity/trivy/trivy
Binary
Get the latest version from this page, and download the archive file for your operating system/architecture. Unpack the archive, and put the binary somewhere in your $PATH (on UNIX-y systems, /usr/local/bin or the like). Make sure it has execution bits turned on.
You also need to install rpm command for scanning images based on RHEL/CentOS.
From source
$ mkdir -p $GOPATH/src/github.com/aquasecurity
$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/aquasecurity
$ git clone https://github.com/aquasecurity/trivy
$ cd trivy/cmd/trivy/
$ export GO111MODULE=on
$ go installYou also need to install rpm command for scanning images based on RHEL/CentOS.
Quick Start
Simply specify an image name (and a tag). The latest tag should be avoided as problems occur with the image cache. See Clear image caches.
Basic
$ trivy [YOUR_IMAGE_NAME]
For example:
$ trivy python:3.4-alpine
Result
2019-05-16T01:20:43.180+0900 INFO Updating vulnerability database...
2019-05-16T01:20:53.029+0900 INFO Detecting Alpine vulnerabilities...
python:3.4-alpine3.9 (alpine 3.9.2)
===================================
Total: 1 (UNKNOWN: 0, LOW: 0, MEDIUM: 1, HIGH: 0, CRITICAL: 0)
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
| LIBRARY | VULNERABILITY ID | SEVERITY | INSTALLED VERSION | FIXED VERSION | TITLE |
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
| openssl | CVE-2019-1543 | MEDIUM | 1.1.1a-r1 | 1.1.1b-r1 | openssl: ChaCha20-Poly1305 |
| | | | | | with long nonces |
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
Docker
Replace [YOUR_CACHE_DIR] with the cache directory on your machine.
$ docker run --rm -v [YOUR_CACHE_DIR]:/root/.cache/ aquasec/trivy [YOUR_IMAGE_NAME]
Example for macOS:
$ docker run --rm -v $HOME/Library/Caches:/root/.cache/ aquasec/trivy python:3.4-alpine
If you would like to scan the image on your host machine, you need to mount docker.sock.
$ docker run --rm -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock \
-v $HOME/Library/Caches:/root/.cache/ aquasec/trivy python:3.4-alpine
Please re-pull latest aquasec/trivy if an error occurred.
Result
2019-05-16T01:20:43.180+0900 INFO Updating vulnerability database...
2019-05-16T01:20:53.029+0900 INFO Detecting Alpine vulnerabilities...
python:3.4-alpine3.9 (alpine 3.9.2)
===================================
Total: 1 (UNKNOWN: 0, LOW: 0, MEDIUM: 1, HIGH: 0, CRITICAL: 0)
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
| LIBRARY | VULNERABILITY ID | SEVERITY | INSTALLED VERSION | FIXED VERSION | TITLE |
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
| openssl | CVE-2019-1543 | MEDIUM | 1.1.1a-r1 | 1.1.1b-r1 | openssl: ChaCha20-Poly1305 |
| | | | | | with long nonces |
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
Examples
Standalone
Scan an image
Simply specify an image name (and a tag).
$ trivy knqyf263/vuln-image:1.2.3
Result
2019-05-16T12:58:55.967+0900 INFO Updating vulnerability database...
2019-05-16T12:59:03.150+0900 INFO Detecting Alpine vulnerabilities...
2019-05-16T12:59:03.156+0900 INFO Updating bundler Security DB...
2019-05-16T12:59:04.941+0900 INFO Detecting bundler vulnerabilities...
2019-05-16T12:59:04.942+0900 INFO Updating cargo Security DB...
2019-05-16T12:59:05.967+0900 INFO Detecting cargo vulnerabilities...
2019-05-16T12:59:05.967+0900 INFO Updating composer Security DB...
2019-05-16T12:59:07.834+0900 INFO Detecting composer vulnerabilities...
2019-05-16T12:59:07.834+0900 INFO Updating npm Security DB...
2019-05-16T12:59:10.285+0900 INFO Detecting npm vulnerabilities...
2019-05-16T12:59:10.285+0900 INFO Updating pipenv Security DB...
2019-05-16T12:59:11.487+0900 INFO Detecting pipenv vulnerabilities...
knqyf263/vuln-image:1.2.3 (alpine 3.7.1)
========================================
Total: 26 (UNKNOWN: 0, LOW: 3, MEDIUM: 16, HIGH: 5, CRITICAL: 2)
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------------------+
| LIBRARY | VULNERABILITY ID | SEVERITY | INSTALLED VERSION | FIXED VERSION | TITLE |
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------------------+
| curl | CVE-2018-14618 | CRITICAL | 7.61.0-r0 | 7.61.1-r0 | curl: NTLM password overflow |
| | | | | | via integer overflow |
+ +------------------+----------+ +---------------+----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2018-16839 | HIGH | | 7.61.1-r1 | curl: Integer overflow leading |
| | | | | | to heap-based buffer overflow in |
| | | | | | Curl_sasl_create_plain_message() |
+ +------------------+ + +---------------+----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2019-3822 | | | 7.61.1-r2 | curl: NTLMv2 type-3 header |
| | | | | | stack buffer overflow |
+ +------------------+ + +---------------+----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2018-16840 | | | 7.61.1-r1 | curl: Use-after-free when |
| | | | | | closing "easy" handle in |
| | | | | | Curl_close() |
+ +------------------+----------+ + +----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2018-16842 | MEDIUM | | | curl: Heap-based buffer |
| | | | | | over-read in the curl tool |
| | | | | | warning formatting |
+ +------------------+ + +---------------+----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2018-16890 | | | 7.61.1-r2 | curl: NTLM type-2 heap |
| | | | | | out-of-bounds buffer read |
+ +------------------+ + + +----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2019-3823 | | | | curl: SMTP end-of-response |
| | | | | | out-of-bounds read |
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------------------+
| git | CVE-2018-17456 | HIGH | 2.15.2-r0 | 2.15.3-r0 | git: arbitrary code execution |
| | | | | | via .gitmodules |
+ +------------------+ + + +----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2018-19486 | | | | git: Improper handling of |
| | | | | | PATH allows for commands to be |
| | | | | | executed from... |
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------------------+
| libssh2 | CVE-2019-3855 | CRITICAL | 1.8.0-r2 | 1.8.1-r0 | libssh2: Integer overflow in |
| | | | | | transport read resulting in |
| | | | | | out of bounds write... |
+ +------------------+----------+ + +----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2019-3859 | MEDIUM | | | libssh2: Unchecked use of |
| | | | | | _libssh2_packet_require and |
| | | | | | _libssh2_packet_requirev |
| | | | | | resulting in out-of-bounds |
| | | | | | read |
+ +------------------+ + + +----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2019-3858 | | | | libssh2: Zero-byte allocation |
| | | | | | with a specially crafted SFTP |
| | | | | | packed leading to an... |
+ +------------------+ + + +----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2019-3863 | | | | libssh2: Integer overflow |
| | | | | | in user authenticate |
| | | | | | keyboard interactive allows |
| | | | | | out-of-bounds writes |
+ +------------------+ + + +----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2019-3862 | | | | libssh2: Out-of-bounds memory |
| | | | | | comparison with specially |
| | | | | | crafted message channel |
| | | | | | request |
+ +------------------+ + + +----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2019-3860 | | | | libssh2: Out-of-bounds reads |
| | | | | | with specially crafted SFTP |
| | | | | | packets |
+ +------------------+ + + +----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2019-3857 | | | | libssh2: Integer overflow in |
| | | | | | SSH packet processing channel |
| | | | | | resulting in out of... |
+ +------------------+ + + +----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2019-3861 | | | | libssh2: Out-of-bounds reads |
| | | | | | with specially crafted SSH |
| | | | | | packets |
+ +------------------+ + + +----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2019-3856 | | | | libssh2: Integer overflow in |
| | | | | | keyboard interactive handling |
| | | | | | resulting in out of bounds... |
+---------+------------------+ +-------------------+---------------+----------------------------------+
| libxml2 | CVE-2018-14567 | | 2.9.7-r0 | 2.9.8-r1 | libxml2: Infinite loop when |
| | | | | | --with-lzma is used allows for |
| | | | | | denial of service... |
+ +------------------+ + + +----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2018-14404 | | | | libxml2: NULL pointer |
| | | | | | dereference in |
| | | | | | xpath.c:xmlXPathCompOpEval() |
| | | | | | can allow attackers to cause |
| | | | | | a... |
+ +------------------+----------+ + +----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2018-9251 | LOW | | | libxml2: infinite loop in |
| | | | | | xz_decomp function in xzlib.c |
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------------------+
| openssh | CVE-2019-6109 | MEDIUM | 7.5_p1-r9 | 7.5_p1-r10 | openssh: Missing character |
| | | | | | encoding in progress display |
| | | | | | allows for spoofing of scp... |
+ +------------------+ + + +----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2019-6111 | | | | openssh: Improper validation |
| | | | | | of object names allows |
| | | | | | malicious server to overwrite |
| | | | | | files... |
+ +------------------+----------+ + +----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2018-20685 | LOW | | | openssh: scp client improper |
| | | | | | directory name validation |
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------------------+
| sqlite | CVE-2018-20346 | MEDIUM | 3.21.0-r1 | 3.25.3-r0 | sqlite: Multiple flaws in |
| | | | | | sqlite which can be triggered |
| | | | | | via corrupted internal... |
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------------------+
| tar | CVE-2018-20482 | LOW | 1.29-r1 | 1.31-r0 | tar: Infinite read loop in |
| | | | | | sparse_dump_region function in |
| | | | | | sparse.c |
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------------------+
ruby-app/Gemfile.lock
=====================
Total: 1 (UNKNOWN: 0, LOW: 0, MEDIUM: 1, HIGH: 0, CRITICAL: 0)
+----------------------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
| LIBRARY | VULNERABILITY ID | SEVERITY | INSTALLED VERSION | FIXED VERSION | TITLE |
+----------------------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
| rails-html-sanitizer | CVE-2018-3741 | MEDIUM | 1.0.3 | >= 1.0.4 | rubygem-rails-html-sanitizer: |
| | | | | | non-whitelisted attributes |
| | | | | | are present in sanitized |
| | | | | | output when input with |
| | | | | | specially-crafted... |
+----------------------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
rust-app/Cargo.lock
===================
Total: 3 (UNKNOWN: 3, LOW: 0, MEDIUM: 0, HIGH: 0, CRITICAL: 0)
+---------+-------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
| LIBRARY | VULNERABILITY ID | SEVERITY | INSTALLED VERSION | FIXED VERSION | TITLE |
+---------+-------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
| ammonia | RUSTSEC-2019-0001 | UNKNOWN | 1.9.0 | >= 2.1.0 | Uncontrolled recursion leads |
| | | | | | to abort in HTML serialization |
+---------+-------------------+ +-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
| openssl | RUSTSEC-2016-0001 | | 0.8.3 | >= 0.9.0 | SSL/TLS MitM vulnerability due |
| | | | | | to insecure defaults |
+ +-------------------+ + +---------------+--------------------------------+
| | RUSTSEC-2018-0010 | | | >= 0.10.9 | Use after free in CMS Signing |
+---------+-------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
php-app/composer.lock
=====================
Total: 1 (UNKNOWN: 0, LOW: 0, MEDIUM: 1, HIGH: 0, CRITICAL: 0)
+-------------------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------------+--------------------------------+
| LIBRARY | VULNERABILITY ID | SEVERITY | INSTALLED VERSION | FIXED VERSION | TITLE |
+-------------------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------------+--------------------------------+
| guzzlehttp/guzzle | CVE-2016-5385 | MEDIUM | 6.2.0 | 6.2.1, 4.2.4, 5.3.1 | PHP: sets environmental |
| | | | | | variable based on user |
| | | | | | supplied Proxy request header |
+-------------------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------------+--------------------------------+
node-app/package-lock.json
==========================
Total: 4 (UNKNOWN: 0, LOW: 0, MEDIUM: 3, HIGH: 1, CRITICAL: 0)
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
| LIBRARY | VULNERABILITY ID | SEVERITY | INSTALLED VERSION | FIXED VERSION | TITLE |
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
| jquery | CVE-2019-5428 | MEDIUM | 3.3.9 | >=3.4.0 | Modification of |
| | | | | | Assumed-Immutable Data (MAID) |
+ +------------------+ + + +--------------------------------+
| | CVE-2019-11358 | | | | js-jquery: prototype pollution |
| | | | | | in object's prototype leading |
| | | | | | to denial of service or... |
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
| lodash | CVE-2018-16487 | HIGH | 4.17.4 | >=4.17.11 | lodash: Prototype pollution in |
| | | | | | utilities function |
+ +------------------+----------+ +---------------+ +
| | CVE-2018-3721 | MEDIUM | | >=4.17.5 | |
| | | | | | |
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
python-app/Pipfile.lock
=======================
Total: 1 (UNKNOWN: 0, LOW: 0, MEDIUM: 1, HIGH: 0, CRITICAL: 0)
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+------------------------------------+
| LIBRARY | VULNERABILITY ID | SEVERITY | INSTALLED VERSION | FIXED VERSION | TITLE |
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+------------------------------------+
| django | CVE-2019-6975 | MEDIUM | 2.0.9 | 2.0.11 | python-django: |
| | | | | | memory exhaustion in |
| | | | | | django.utils.numberformat.format() |
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+------------------------------------+
Scan an image file
$ docker save ruby:2.3.0-alpine3.9 -o ruby-2.3.0.tar
$ trivy --input ruby-2.3.0.tar
Result
2019-05-16T12:45:57.332+0900 INFO Updating vulnerability database...
2019-05-16T12:45:59.119+0900 INFO Detecting Debian vulnerabilities...
ruby-2.3.0.tar (debian 8.4)
===========================
Total: 7447 (UNKNOWN: 5, LOW: 326, MEDIUM: 5695, HIGH: 1316, CRITICAL: 105)
+------------------------------+---------------------+----------+----------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| LIBRARY | VULNERABILITY ID | SEVERITY | INSTALLED VERSION | FIXED VERSION | TITLE |
+------------------------------+---------------------+----------+----------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| apt | CVE-2019-3462 | CRITICAL | 1.0.9.8.3 | 1.0.9.8.5 | Incorrect sanitation of the |
| | | | | | 302 redirect field in HTTP |
| | | | | | transport method of... |
+ +---------------------+----------+ +----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | CVE-2016-1252 | MEDIUM | | 1.0.9.8.4 | The apt package in Debian |
| | | | | | jessie before 1.0.9.8.4, in |
| | | | | | Debian unstable before... |
+ +---------------------+----------+ +----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | CVE-2011-3374 | LOW | | | |
+------------------------------+---------------------+----------+----------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| bash | CVE-2016-7543 | HIGH | 4.3-11 | 4.3-11+deb8u1 | bash: Specially crafted |
| | | | | | SHELLOPTS+PS4 variables allows |
| | | | | | command substitution |
+ +---------------------+ + +----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | CVE-2019-9924 | | | 4.3-11+deb8u2 | bash: BASH_CMD is writable in |
| | | | | | restricted bash shells |
+ +---------------------+----------+ +----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | CVE-2016-0634 | MEDIUM | | 4.3-11+deb8u1 | bash: Arbitrary code execution |
| | | | | | via malicious hostname |
+ +---------------------+----------+ +----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | CVE-2016-9401 | LOW | | 4.3-11+deb8u2 | bash: popd controlled free |
+ +---------------------+ + +----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | TEMP-0841856-B18BAF | | | | |
+------------------------------+---------------------+----------+----------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------
...
Save the results as JSON
$ trivy -f json -o results.json golang:1.12-alpine
Result
2019-05-16T01:46:31.777+0900 INFO Updating vulnerability database...
2019-05-16T01:47:03.007+0900 INFO Detecting Alpine vulnerabilities...
JSON
[
{
"Target": "php-app/composer.lock",
"Vulnerabilities": null
},
{
"Target": "node-app/package-lock.json",
"Vulnerabilities": [
{
"VulnerabilityID": "CVE-2018-16487",
"PkgName": "lodash",
"InstalledVersion": "4.17.4",
"FixedVersion": "\u003e=4.17.11",
"Title": "lodash: Prototype pollution in utilities function",
"Description": "A prototype pollution vulnerability was found in lodash \u003c4.17.11 where the functions merge, mergeWith, and defaultsDeep can be tricked into adding or modifying properties of Object.prototype.",
"Severity": "HIGH",
"References": [
"https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2018-16487",
]
}
]
},
{
"Target": "trivy-ci-test (alpine 3.7.1)",
"Vulnerabilities": [
{
"VulnerabilityID": "CVE-2018-16840",
"PkgName": "curl",
"InstalledVersion": "7.61.0-r0",
"FixedVersion": "7.61.1-r1",
"Title": "curl: Use-after-free when closing \"easy\" handle in Curl_close()",
"Description": "A heap use-after-free flaw was found in curl versions from 7.59.0 through 7.61.1 in the code related to closing an easy handle. ",
"Severity": "HIGH",
"References": [
"https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2018-16840",
]
},
{
"VulnerabilityID": "CVE-2019-3822",
"PkgName": "curl",
"InstalledVersion": "7.61.0-r0",
"FixedVersion": "7.61.1-r2",
"Title": "curl: NTLMv2 type-3 header stack buffer overflow",
"Description": "libcurl versions from 7.36.0 to before 7.64.0 are vulnerable to a stack-based buffer overflow. ",
"Severity": "HIGH",
"References": [
"https://curl.haxx.se/docs/CVE-2019-3822.html",
"https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/8338a0f605bdbb3a6098bb76f666a95fc2b2f53f37fa1ecc89f1146f@%3Cdevnull.infra.apache.org%3E"
]
},
{
"VulnerabilityID": "CVE-2018-16839",
"PkgName": "curl",
"InstalledVersion": "7.61.0-r0",
"FixedVersion": "7.61.1-r1",
"Title": "curl: Integer overflow leading to heap-based buffer overflow in Curl_sasl_create_plain_message()",
"Description": "Curl versions 7.33.0 through 7.61.1 are vulnerable to a buffer overrun in the SASL authentication code that may lead to denial of service.",
"Severity": "HIGH",
"References": [
"https://github.com/curl/curl/commit/f3a24d7916b9173c69a3e0ee790102993833d6c5",
]
},
{
"VulnerabilityID": "CVE-2018-19486",
"PkgName": "git",
"InstalledVersion": "2.15.2-r0",
"FixedVersion": "2.15.3-r0",
"Title": "git: Improper handling of PATH allows for commands to be executed from the current directory",
"Description": "Git before 2.19.2 on Linux and UNIX executes commands from the current working directory (as if '.' were at the end of $PATH) in certain cases involving the run_command() API and run-command.c, because there was a dangerous change from execvp to execv during 2017.",
"Severity": "HIGH",
"References": [
"https://usn.ubuntu.com/3829-1/",
]
},
{
"VulnerabilityID": "CVE-2018-17456",
"PkgName": "git",
"InstalledVersion": "2.15.2-r0",
"FixedVersion": "2.15.3-r0",
"Title": "git: arbitrary code execution via .gitmodules",
"Description": "Git before 2.14.5, 2.15.x before 2.15.3, 2.16.x before 2.16.5, 2.17.x before 2.17.2, 2.18.x before 2.18.1, and 2.19.x before 2.19.1 allows remote code execution during processing of a recursive \"git clone\" of a superproject if a .gitmodules file has a URL field beginning with a '-' character.",
"Severity": "HIGH",
"References": [
"http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041811",
]
}
]
},
{
"Target": "python-app/Pipfile.lock",
"Vulnerabilities": null
},
{
"Target": "ruby-app/Gemfile.lock",
"Vulnerabilities": null
},
{
"Target": "rust-app/Cargo.lock",
"Vulnerabilities": null
}
]
Save the results using a template
$ trivy --format template --template "{{ range . }} {{ .Target }} {{ end }}" golang:1.12-alpine
Result
``` 2020-01-02T18:02:32.856+0100 INFO Detecting Alpine vulnerabilities... golang:1.12-alpine (alpine 3.10.2) ```You can load templates from a file prefixing the template path with an @.
$ trivy --format template --template "@/path/to/template" golang:1.12-alpine
Filter the vulnerabilities by severities
$ trivy --severity HIGH,CRITICAL ruby:2.3.0
Result
2019-05-16T01:51:46.255+0900 INFO Updating vulnerability database...
2019-05-16T01:51:49.213+0900 INFO Detecting Debian vulnerabilities...
ruby:2.3.0 (debian 8.4)
=======================
Total: 1785 (UNKNOWN: 0, LOW: 0, MEDIUM: 0, HIGH: 1680, CRITICAL: 105)
+-----------------------------+------------------+----------+---------------------------+----------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| LIBRARY | VULNERABILITY ID | SEVERITY | INSTALLED VERSION | FIXED VERSION | TITLE |
+-----------------------------+------------------+----------+---------------------------+----------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| apt | CVE-2019-3462 | CRITICAL | 1.0.9.8.3 | 1.0.9.8.5 | Incorrect sanitation of the |
| | | | | | 302 redirect field in HTTP |
| | | | | | transport method of... |
+-----------------------------+------------------+----------+---------------------------+----------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| bash | CVE-2019-9924 | HIGH | 4.3-11 | 4.3-11+deb8u2 | bash: BASH_CMD is writable in |
| | | | | | restricted bash shells |
+ +------------------+ + +----------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| | CVE-2016-7543 | | | 4.3-11+deb8u1 | bash: Specially crafted |
| | | | | | SHELLOPTS+PS4 variables allows |
| | | | | | command substitution |
+-----------------------------+------------------+ +---------------------------+----------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| binutils | CVE-2017-8421 | | 2.25-5 | | binutils: Memory exhaustion in |
| | | | | | objdump via a crafted PE file |
+ +------------------+ + +----------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| | CVE-2017-14930 | | | | binutils: Memory leak in |
| | | | | | decode_line_info |
+ +------------------+ + +----------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| | CVE-2017-7614 | | | | binutils: NULL |
| | | | | | pointer dereference in |
| | | | | | bfd_elf_final_link function |
+ +------------------+ + +----------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| | CVE-2014-9939 | | | | binutils: buffer overflow in |
| | | | | | ihex.c |
+ +------------------+ + +----------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| | CVE-2017-13716 | | | | binutils: Memory leak with the |
| | | | | | C++ symbol demangler routine |
| | | | | | in libiberty |
+ +------------------+ + +----------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| | CVE-2018-12699 | | | | binutils: heap-based buffer |
| | | | | | overflow in finish_stab in |
| | | | | | stabs.c |
+-----------------------------+------------------+ +---------------------------+----------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| bsdutils | CVE-2015-5224 | | 2.25.2-6 | | util-linux: File name |
| | | | | | collision due to incorrect |
| | | | | | mkstemp use |
+ +------------------+ + +----------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| | CVE-2016-2779 | | | | util-linux: runuser tty hijack |
| | | | | | via TIOCSTI ioctl |
+-----------------------------+------------------+----------+---------------------------+----------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
Filter the vulnerabilities by type
$ trivy --vuln-type os ruby:2.3.0
Available values:
- library
- os
Result
2019-05-22T19:36:50.530+0200 �[34mINFO�[0m Updating vulnerability database...
2019-05-22T19:36:51.681+0200 �[34mINFO�[0m Detecting Alpine vulnerabilities...
2019-05-22T19:36:51.685+0200 �[34mINFO�[0m Updating npm Security DB...
2019-05-22T19:36:52.389+0200 �[34mINFO�[0m Detecting npm vulnerabilities...
2019-05-22T19:36:52.390+0200 �[34mINFO�[0m Updating pipenv Security DB...
2019-05-22T19:36:53.406+0200 �[34mINFO�[0m Detecting pipenv vulnerabilities...
ruby:2.3.0 (debian 8.4)
Total: 4751 (UNKNOWN: 1, LOW: 150, MEDIUM: 3504, HIGH: 1013, CRITICAL: 83)
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------------------+
| LIBRARY | VULNERABILITY ID | SEVERITY | INSTALLED VERSION | FIXED VERSION | TITLE |
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------------------+
| curl | CVE-2018-14618 | CRITICAL | 7.61.0-r0 | 7.61.1-r0 | curl: NTLM password overflow |
| | | | | | via integer overflow |
+ +------------------+----------+ +---------------+----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2018-16839 | HIGH | | 7.61.1-r1 | curl: Integer overflow leading |
| | | | | | to heap-based buffer overflow in |
| | | | | | Curl_sasl_create_plain_message() |
+ +------------------+ + +---------------+----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2019-3822 | | | 7.61.1-r2 | curl: NTLMv2 type-3 header |
| | | | | | stack buffer overflow |
+ +------------------+ + +---------------+----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2018-16840 | | | 7.61.1-r1 | curl: Use-after-free when |
| | | | | | closing "easy" handle in |
| | | | | | Curl_close() |
+ +------------------+----------+ +---------------+----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2019-3823 | MEDIUM | | 7.61.1-r2 | curl: SMTP end-of-response |
| | | | | | out-of-bounds read |
+ +------------------+ + + +----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2018-16890 | | | | curl: NTLM type-2 heap |
| | | | | | out-of-bounds buffer read |
+ +------------------+ + +---------------+----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2018-16842 | | | 7.61.1-r1 | curl: Heap-based buffer |
| | | | | | over-read in the curl tool |
| | | | | | warning formatting |
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------------------+
| git | CVE-2018-17456 | HIGH | 2.15.2-r0 | 2.15.3-r0 | git: arbitrary code execution |
| | | | | | via .gitmodules |
+ +------------------+ + + +----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2018-19486 | | | | git: Improper handling of |
| | | | | | PATH allows for commands to be |
| | | | | | executed from... |
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------------------+
| libssh2 | CVE-2019-3855 | CRITICAL | 1.8.0-r2 | 1.8.1-r0 | libssh2: Integer overflow in |
| | | | | | transport read resulting in |
| | | | | | out of bounds write... |
+ +------------------+----------+ + +----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2019-3861 | MEDIUM | | | libssh2: Out-of-bounds reads |
| | | | | | with specially crafted SSH |
| | | | | | packets |
+ +------------------+ + + +----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2019-3857 | | | | libssh2: Integer overflow in |
| | | | | | SSH packet processing channel |
| | | | | | resulting in out of... |
+ +------------------+ + + +----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2019-3856 | | | | libssh2: Integer overflow in |
| | | | | | keyboard interactive handling |
| | | | | | resulting in out of bounds... |
+ +------------------+ + + +----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2019-3863 | | | | libssh2: Integer overflow |
| | | | | | in user authenticate |
| | | | | | keyboard interactive allows |
| | | | | | out-of-bounds writes |
+ +------------------+ + + +----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2019-3862 | | | | libssh2: Out-of-bounds memory |
| | | | | | comparison with specially |
| | | | | | crafted message channel |
| | | | | | request |
+ +------------------+ + + +----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2019-3860 | | | | libssh2: Out-of-bounds reads |
| | | | | | with specially crafted SFTP |
| | | | | | packets |
+ +------------------+ + + +----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2019-3858 | | | | libssh2: Zero-byte allocation |
| | | | | | with a specially crafted SFTP |
| | | | | | packed leading to an... |
+ +------------------+ + + +----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2019-3859 | | | | libssh2: Unchecked use of |
| | | | | | _libssh2_packet_require and |
| | | | | | _libssh2_packet_requirev |
| | | | | | resulting in out-of-bounds |
| | | | | | read |
+---------+------------------+ +-------------------+---------------+----------------------------------+
| libxml2 | CVE-2018-14404 | | 2.9.7-r0 | 2.9.8-r1 | libxml2: NULL pointer |
| | | | | | dereference in |
| | | | | | xpath.c:xmlXPathCompOpEval() |
| | | | | | can allow attackers to cause |
| | | | | | a... |
+ +------------------+ + + +----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2018-14567 | | | | libxml2: Infinite loop when |
| | | | | | --with-lzma is used allows for |
| | | | | | denial of service... |
+ +------------------+----------+ + +----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2018-9251 | LOW | | | libxml2: infinite loop in |
| | | | | | xz_decomp function in xzlib.c |
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------------------+
| openssh | CVE-2019-6109 | MEDIUM | 7.5_p1-r9 | 7.5_p1-r10 | openssh: Missing character |
| | | | | | encoding in progress display |
| | | | | | allows for spoofing of scp... |
+ +------------------+ + + +----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2019-6111 | | | | openssh: Improper validation |
| | | | | | of object names allows |
| | | | | | malicious server to overwrite |
| | | | | | files... |
+ +------------------+----------+ + +----------------------------------+
| | CVE-2018-20685 | LOW | | | openssh: scp client improper |
| | | | | | directory name validation |
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------------------+
| sqlite | CVE-2018-20346 | MEDIUM | 3.21.0-r1 | 3.25.3-r0 | CVE-2018-20505 CVE-2018-20506 |
| | | | | | sqlite: Multiple flaws in |
| | | | | | sqlite which can be triggered |
| | | | | | via... |
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------------------+
| tar | CVE-2018-20482 | LOW | 1.29-r1 | 1.31-r0 | tar: Infinite read loop in |
| | | | | | sparse_dump_region function in |
| | | | | | sparse.c |
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------------------+
Skip update of vulnerability DB
Trivy always updates its vulnerability database when it starts operating. This is usually fast, as it is a difference update. But if you want to skip even that, use the --skip-update option.
$ trivy --skip-update python:3.4-alpine3.9
Result
2019-05-16T12:48:08.703+0900 INFO Detecting Alpine vulnerabilities...
python:3.4-alpine3.9 (alpine 3.9.2)
===================================
Total: 1 (UNKNOWN: 0, LOW: 0, MEDIUM: 1, HIGH: 0, CRITICAL: 0)
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
| LIBRARY | VULNERABILITY ID | SEVERITY | INSTALLED VERSION | FIXED VERSION | TITLE |
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
| openssl | CVE-2019-1543 | MEDIUM | 1.1.1a-r1 | 1.1.1b-r1 | openssl: ChaCha20-Poly1305 |
| | | | | | with long nonces |
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
Only download vulnerability database
You can also ask Trivy to simply retrieve the vulnerability database. This is useful to initialize workers in Continuous Integration systems. In the first run, the --only-update option is silently ignored.
$ trivy --download-db-only
$ trivy --download-db-only --only-update alpine
Ignore unfixed vulnerabilities
By default, Trivy also detects unpatched/unfixed vulnerabilities. This means you can't fix these vulnerabilities even if you update all packages.
If you would like to ignore them, use the --ignore-unfixed option.
$ trivy --ignore-unfixed ruby:2.3.0
Result
2019-05-16T12:49:52.656+0900 INFO Updating vulnerability database...
2019-05-16T12:50:14.786+0900 INFO Detecting Debian vulnerabilities...
ruby:2.3.0 (debian 8.4)
=======================
Total: 4730 (UNKNOWN: 1, LOW: 145, MEDIUM: 3487, HIGH: 1014, CRITICAL: 83)
+------------------------------+------------------+----------+----------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| LIBRARY | VULNERABILITY ID | SEVERITY | INSTALLED VERSION | FIXED VERSION | TITLE |
+------------------------------+------------------+----------+----------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| apt | CVE-2019-3462 | CRITICAL | 1.0.9.8.3 | 1.0.9.8.5 | Incorrect sanitation of the |
| | | | | | 302 redirect field in HTTP |
| | | | | | transport method of... |
+ +------------------+----------+ +----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | CVE-2016-1252 | MEDIUM | | 1.0.9.8.4 | The apt package in Debian |
| | | | | | jessie before 1.0.9.8.4, in |
| | | | | | Debian unstable before... |
+------------------------------+------------------+----------+----------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| bash | CVE-2019-9924 | HIGH | 4.3-11 | 4.3-11+deb8u2 | bash: BASH_CMD is writable in |
| | | | | | restricted bash shells |
+ +------------------+ + +----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | CVE-2016-7543 | | | 4.3-11+deb8u1 | bash: Specially crafted |
| | | | | | SHELLOPTS+PS4 variables allows |
| | | | | | command substitution |
+ +------------------+----------+ + +-----------------------------------------------------+
| | CVE-2016-0634 | MEDIUM | | | bash: Arbitrary code execution |
| | | | | | via malicious hostname |
+ +------------------+----------+ +----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| | CVE-2016-9401 | LOW | | 4.3-11+deb8u2 | bash: popd controlled free |
+------------------------------+------------------+----------+----------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+
...
Specify exit code
By default, Trivy exits with code 0 even when vulnerabilities are detected.
Use the --exit-code option if you want to exit with a non-zero exit code.
$ trivy --exit-code 1 python:3.4-alpine3.9
Result
2019-05-16T12:51:43.500+0900 INFO Updating vulnerability database...
2019-05-16T12:52:00.387+0900 INFO Detecting Alpine vulnerabilities...
python:3.4-alpine3.9 (alpine 3.9.2)
===================================
Total: 1 (UNKNOWN: 0, LOW: 0, MEDIUM: 1, HIGH: 0, CRITICAL: 0)
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
| LIBRARY | VULNERABILITY ID | SEVERITY | INSTALLED VERSION | FIXED VERSION | TITLE |
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
| openssl | CVE-2019-1543 | MEDIUM | 1.1.1a-r1 | 1.1.1b-r1 | openssl: ChaCha20-Poly1305 |
| | | | | | with long nonces |
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
This option is useful for CI/CD. In the following example, the test will fail only when a critical vulnerability is found.
$ trivy --exit-code 0 --severity MEDIUM,HIGH ruby:2.3.0
$ trivy --exit-code 1 --severity CRITICAL ruby:2.3.0
Ignore the specified vulnerabilities
Use .trivyignore.
$ cat .trivyignore
# Accept the risk
CVE-2018-14618
# No impact in our settings
CVE-2019-1543
$ trivy python:3.4-alpine3.9
Result
2019-05-16T12:53:10.076+0900 INFO Updating vulnerability database...
2019-05-16T12:53:28.134+0900 INFO Detecting Alpine vulnerabilities...
python:3.4-alpine3.9 (alpine 3.9.2)
===================================
Total: 0 (UNKNOWN: 0, LOW: 0, MEDIUM: 0, HIGH: 0, CRITICAL: 0)
Specify cache directory
$ trivy --cache-dir /tmp/trivy/ python:3.4-alpine3.9
Clear image caches
The --clear-cache option removes image caches. This option is useful if the image which has the same tag is updated (such as when using latest tag).
The scan is not performed.
$ trivy --clear-cache
Result
2019-11-15T15:13:26.209+0200 INFO Reopening vulnerability DB
2019-11-15T15:13:26.209+0200 INFO Removing image caches...
Reset
The --reset option removes all caches and database. After this, it takes a long time as the vulnerability database needs to be rebuilt locally.
$ trivy --reset
Result
2019-05-16T13:05:31.935+0900 INFO Resetting...
Use lightweight DB
The lightweight DB doesn't contain vulnerability detail such as descriptions and references. Because of that, the size of the DB is smaller and the download is faster.
This option is useful when you don't need vulnerability details and is suitable for CI/CD.
To find the additional information, you can search vulnerability details on the NVD website.
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/search
$ trivy --light alpine:3.10
--light option doesn't display titles like the following example.
Result
2019-11-14T10:21:01.553+0200 INFO Reopening vulnerability DB
2019-11-14T10:21:02.574+0200 INFO Detecting Alpine vulnerabilities...
alpine:3.10 (alpine 3.10.2)
===========================
Total: 3 (UNKNOWN: 0, LOW: 1, MEDIUM: 2, HIGH: 0, CRITICAL: 0)
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+
| LIBRARY | VULNERABILITY ID | SEVERITY | INSTALLED VERSION | FIXED VERSION |
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+
| openssl | CVE-2019-1549 | MEDIUM | 1.1.1c-r0 | 1.1.1d-r0 |
+ +------------------+ + + +
| | CVE-2019-1563 | | | |
+ +------------------+----------+ + +
| | CVE-2019-1547 | LOW | | |
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+
Client / Server
Trivy has client/server mode. Trivy server has vulnerability database and Trivy client doesn't have to download vulnerability database. It is useful if you want to scan images at multiple locations and do not want to download the database at every location.
Server
At first, you need to launch Trivy server. It downloads vulnerability database automatically and continue to fetch the latest DB in the background.
$ trivy server --listen localhost:8080
2019-12-12T15:17:06.551+0200 INFO Need to update DB
2019-12-12T15:17:56.706+0200 INFO Reopening DB...
2019-12-12T15:17:56.707+0200 INFO Listening localhost:8080...
If you want to accept a connection from outside, you have to specify 0.0.0.0 or your ip address, not localhost.
$ trivy server --listen 0.0.0.0:8080
Client
Then, specify the remote address.
$ trivy client --remote http://localhost:8080 alpine:3.10
Result
alpine:3.10 (alpine 3.10.2)
===========================
Total: 3 (UNKNOWN: 0, LOW: 1, MEDIUM: 2, HIGH: 0, CRITICAL: 0)
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+
| LIBRARY | VULNERABILITY ID | SEVERITY | INSTALLED VERSION | FIXED VERSION |
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+
| openssl | CVE-2019-1549 | MEDIUM | 1.1.1c-r0 | 1.1.1d-r0 |
+ +------------------+ + + +
| | CVE-2019-1563 | | | |
+ +------------------+----------+ + +
| | CVE-2019-1547 | LOW | | |
+---------+------------------+----------+-------------------+---------------+
Authentication
$ trivy server --listen localhost:8080 --token dummy
$ trivy client --remote http://localhost:8080 --token dummy alpine:3.10
Deprecated options
--only-update, --refresh and --auto-refresh are deprecated since they are unnecessary now. These options will be removed at the next version
Continuous Integration (CI)
Scan your image built in Travis CI/CircleCI. The test will fail if a vulnerability is found. When you don't want to fail the test, specify --exit-code 0 .
Since in automated scenarios such as CI/CD you only interested in the end result, and not the full report, use the --light flag to optimize for this scenario and get fast results.
Travis CI
$ cat .travis.yml
services:
- docker
env:
global:
- COMMIT=${TRAVIS_COMMIT::8}
before_install:
- docker build -t trivy-ci-test:${COMMIT} .
- export VERSION=$(curl --silent "https://api.github.com/repos/aquasecurity/trivy/releases/latest" | grep '"tag_name":' | sed -E 's/.*"v([^"]+)".*/\1/')
- wget https://github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/releases/download/v${VERSION}/trivy_${VERSION}_Linux-64bit.tar.gz
- tar zxvf trivy_${VERSION}_Linux-64bit.tar.gz
script:
- ./trivy --exit-code 0 --severity HIGH --no-progress trivy-ci-test:${COMMIT}
- ./trivy --exit-code 1 --severity CRITICAL --no-progress trivy-ci-test:${COMMIT}
cache:
directories:
- $HOME/.cache/trivy
Example: https://travis-ci.org/aquasecurity/trivy-ci-test
Repository: https://github.com/aquasecurity/trivy-ci-test
CircleCI
$ cat .circleci/config.yml
jobs:
build:
docker:
- image: docker:18.09-git
steps:
- checkout
- run:
name: Build image
command: docker build -t trivy-ci-test:${CIRCLE_SHA1} .
- run:
name: Install trivy
command: |
apk add --update curl
VERSION=$(
curl --silent "https://api.github.com/repos/aquasecurity/trivy/releases/latest" | \
grep '"tag_name":' | \
sed -E 's/.*"v([^"]+)".*/\1/'
)
wget https://github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/releases/download/v${VERSION}/trivy_${VERSION}_Linux-64bit.tar.gz
tar zxvf trivy_${VERSION}_Linux-64bit.tar.gz
mv trivy /usr/local/bin
- run:
name: Scan the local image with trivy
command: trivy --exit-code 0 --no-progress trivy-ci-test:${CIRCLE_SHA1}
workflows:
version: 2
release:
jobs:
- build
Example: https://circleci.com/gh/aquasecurity/trivy-ci-test
Repository: https://github.com/aquasecurity/trivy-ci-test
GitLab CI
$ cat .gitlab-ci.yml
stages:
- test
trivy:
stage: test
image: docker:stable
services:
- name: docker:dind
entrypoint: ["env", "-u", "DOCKER_HOST"]
command: ["dockerd-entrypoint.sh"]
variables:
DOCKER_HOST: tcp://docker:2375/
DOCKER_DRIVER: overlay2
# See https://github.com/docker-library/docker/pull/166
DOCKER_TLS_CERTDIR: ""
IMAGE: trivy-ci-test:$CI_COMMIT_SHA
before_script:
- apk add --no-cache curl
- export VERSION=$(curl --silent "https://api.github.com/repos/aquasecurity/trivy/releases/latest" | grep '"tag_name":' | sed -E 's/.*"v([^"]+)".*/\1/')
- echo $VERSION
- wget https://github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/releases/download/v${VERSION}/trivy_${VERSION}_Linux-64bit.tar.gz
- tar zxvf trivy_${VERSION}_Linux-64bit.tar.gz
allow_failure: true
script:
# Build image
- docker build -t $IMAGE .
# Build report
- ./trivy --exit-code 0 --cache-dir .trivycache/ --no-progress --format template --template "@contrib/gitlab.tpl" -o gl-container-scanning-report.json $IMAGE
# Print report
- ./trivy --exit-code 0 --cache-dir .trivycache/ --no-progress --severity HIGH $IMAGE
# Fail on high and critical vulnerabilities
- ./trivy --exit-code 1 --cache-dir .trivycache/ --severity CRITICAL --no-progress $IMAGE
cache:
paths:
- .trivycache/
# Enables https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/application_security/container_scanning/ (Container Scanning report is available on GitLab EE Ultimate or GitLab.com Gold)
artifacts:
reports:
container_scanning: gl-container-scanning-report.json
Authorization for Private Docker Registry
Trivy can download images from a private registry, without installing Docker or any other 3rd party tools.
That's because it's easy to run in a CI process.
All you have to do is install Trivy and set ENV vars.
But, I can't recommend using ENV vars in your local machine to you.
Docker Hub
Docker Hub needs TRIVY_AUTH_URL, TRIVY_USERNAME and TRIVY_PASSWORD.
You don't need to set ENV vars when download from public repository.
export TRIVY_AUTH_URL=https://registry.hub.docker.com
export TRIVY_USERNAME={DOCKERHUB_USERNAME}
export TRIVY_PASSWORD={DOCKERHUB_PASSWORD}Amazon ECR (Elastic Container Registry)
Trivy uses AWS SDK. You don't need to install aws CLI tool.
You can use AWS CLI's ENV Vars.
GCR (Google Container Registry)
Trivy uses Google Cloud SDK. You don't need to install gcloud command.
If you want to use target project's repository, you can settle via GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIAL.
# must set TRIVY_USERNAME empty char
export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS=/path/to/credential.jsonSelf Hosted Registry (BasicAuth)
BasicAuth server needs TRIVY_USERNAME and TRIVY_PASSWORD.
export TRIVY_USERNAME={USERNAME}
export TRIVY_PASSWORD={PASSWORD}
# if you want to use 80 port, use NonSSL
export TRIVY_NON_SSL=trueVulnerability Detection
OS Packages
The unfixed/unfixable vulnerabilities mean that the patch has not yet been provided on their distribution.
| OS | Supported Versions | Target Packages | Detection of unfixed vulnerabilities |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alpine Linux | 2.2 - 2.7, 3.0 - 3.10 | Installed by apk | NO |
| Red Hat Universal Base Image | 7, 8 | Installed by yum/rpm | YES |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux | 6, 7, 8 | Installed by yum/rpm | YES |
| CentOS | 6, 7 | Installed by yum/rpm | YES |
| Oracle Linux | 5, 6, 7, 8 | Installed by yum/rpm | NO |
| Amazon Linux | 1, 2 | Installed by yum/rpm | NO |
| openSUSE Leap | 42, 15 | Installed by zypper/rpm | NO |
| SUSE Enterprise Linux | 11, 12, 15 | Installed by zypper/rpm | NO |
| Photon OS | 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 | Installed by tdnf/yum/rpm | NO |
| Debian GNU/Linux | wheezy, jessie, stretch, buster | Installed by apt/apt-get/dpkg | YES |
| Ubuntu | 12.04, 14.04, 16.04, 18.04, 18.10, 19.04 | Installed by apt/apt-get/dpkg | YES |
| Distroless | Any | Installed by apt/apt-get/dpkg | YES |
RHEL, CentOS, Oracle Linux, SUSE, Amazon Linux and Photon OS package information is stored in a binary format, and Trivy uses the rpm executable to parse this information when scanning an image based on RHEL or CentOS. The Trivy container image includes rpm, and the installers include it as a dependency. If you installed the trivy binary using wget or curl, or if you build it from source, you will also need to ensure that rpm is available.
Distroless: https://github.com/GoogleContainerTools/distroless
Application Dependencies
Trivy automatically detects the following files in the container and scans vulnerabilities in the application dependencies.
- Gemfile.lock
- Pipfile.lock
- poetry.lock
- composer.lock
- package-lock.json
- yarn.lock
- Cargo.lock
The path of these files does not matter.
Example: https://github.com/aquasecurity/trivy-ci-test/blob/master/Dockerfile
Image Tar format
Trivy scans a tar image with the following format.
- Docker Image Specification (https://github.com/moby/moby/tree/master/image/spec)
- Moby Project (https://github.com/moby/moby/)
- Buildah, Podman (https://github.com/containers/buildah)
- img (https://github.com/genuinetools/img)
- Kaniko
Data source
- PHP
- Python
- Ruby
- Node.js
- Rust
Usage
Standalone
NAME:
trivy - A simple and comprehensive vulnerability scanner for containers
USAGE:
main [options] image_name
VERSION:
0.2.0
OPTIONS:
--template value, -t value output template [$TRIVY_TEMPLATE]
--format value, -f value format (table, json, template) (default: "table") [$TRIVY_FORMAT]
--input value, -i value input file path instead of image name [$TRIVY_INPUT]
--severity value, -s value severities of vulnerabilities to be displayed (comma separated) (default: "UNKNOWN,LOW,MEDIUM,HIGH,CRITICAL") [$TRIVY_SEVERITY]
--output value, -o value output file name [$TRIVY_OUTPUT]
--exit-code value Exit code when vulnerabilities were found (default: 0) [$TRIVY_EXIT_CODE]
--skip-update skip db update [$TRIVY_SKIP_UPDATE]
--download-db-only download/update vulnerability database but don't run a scan [$TRIVY_DOWNLOAD_DB_ONLY]
--reset remove all caches and database [$TRIVY_RESET]
--clear-cache, -c clear image caches [$TRIVY_CLEAR_CACHE]
--quiet, -q suppress progress bar and log output [$TRIVY_QUIET]
--no-progress suppress progress bar [$TRIVY_NO_PROGRESS]
--ignore-unfixed display only fixed vulnerabilities [$TRIVY_IGNORE_UNFIXED]
--debug, -d debug mode [$TRIVY_DEBUG]
--vuln-type value comma-separated list of vulnerability types (os,library) (default: "os,library") [$TRIVY_VULN_TYPE]
--cache-dir value use as cache directory, but image cache is stored in /path/to/cache/fanal (default: "/Users/teppei/Library/Caches/trivy") [$TRIVY_CACHE_DIR]
--ignorefile value specify .trivyignore file (default: ".trivyignore") [$TRIVY_IGNOREFILE]
--timeout value docker timeout (default: 1m0s) [$TRIVY_TIMEOUT]
--light light mode: it's faster, but vulnerability descriptions and references are not displayed
--only-update value deprecated [$TRIVY_ONLY_UPDATE]
--refresh deprecated [$TRIVY_REFRESH]
--auto-refresh deprecated [$TRIVY_AUTO_REFRESH]
--help, -h show help
--version, -v print the version
Sub commands
Trivy has two sub commands, client and server.
NAME:
trivy client - client mode
USAGE:
trivy client [command options] [arguments...]
OPTIONS:
--template value, -t value output template [$TRIVY_TEMPLATE]
--format value, -f value format (table, json, template) (default: "table") [$TRIVY_FORMAT]
--input value, -i value input file path instead of image name [$TRIVY_INPUT]
--severity value, -s value severities of vulnerabilities to be displayed (comma separated) (default: "UNKNOWN,LOW,MEDIUM,HIGH,CRITICAL") [$TRIVY_SEVERITY]
--output value, -o value output file name [$TRIVY_OUTPUT]
--exit-code value Exit code when vulnerabilities were found (default: 0) [$TRIVY_EXIT_CODE]
--clear-cache, -c clear image caches without scanning [$TRIVY_CLEAR_CACHE]
--quiet, -q suppress progress bar and log output [$TRIVY_QUIET]
--ignore-unfixed display only fixed vulnerabilities [$TRIVY_IGNORE_UNFIXED]
--debug, -d debug mode [$TRIVY_DEBUG]
--vuln-type value comma-separated list of vulnerability types (os,library) (default: "os,library") [$TRIVY_VULN_TYPE]
--ignorefile value specify .trivyignore file (default: ".trivyignore") [$TRIVY_IGNOREFILE]
--cache-dir value use as cache directory, but image cache is stored in /path/to/cache/fanal (default: "/Users/teppei/Library/Caches/trivy") [$TRIVY_CACHE_DIR]
--timeout value docker timeout (default: 1m0s) [$TRIVY_TIMEOUT]
--token value for authentication [$TRIVY_TOKEN]
--remote value server address (default: "http://localhost:4954") [$TRIVY_REMOTE]
NAME:
trivy server - server mode
USAGE:
trivy server [command options] [arguments...]
OPTIONS:
--skip-update skip db update [$TRIVY_SKIP_UPDATE]
--download-db-only download/update vulnerability database but don't run a scan [$TRIVY_DOWNLOAD_DB_ONLY]
--reset remove all caches and database [$TRIVY_RESET]
--quiet, -q suppress progress bar and log output [$TRIVY_QUIET]
--debug, -d debug mode [$TRIVY_DEBUG]
--cache-dir value use as cache directory, but image cache is stored in /path/to/cache/fanal (default: "/Users/teppei/Library/Caches/trivy") [$TRIVY_CACHE_DIR]
--token value for authentication [$TRIVY_TOKEN]
--listen value listen address (default: "localhost:4954") [$TRIVY_LISTEN]
Comparison with other scanners
Overview
| Scanner | OS Packages |
Application Dependencies |
Easy to use | Accuracy | Suitable for CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trivy | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◎ | ◯ |
| Clair | ◯ | × | △ | ◯ | △ |
| Anchore Engine | ◯ | △ | △ | ◯ | △ |
| Quay | ◯ | × | ◯ | ◯ | × |
| MicroScanner | ◯ | × | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ |
| Docker Hub | ◯ | × | ◯ | × | × |
| GCR | ◯ | × | ◯ | ◯ | × |
vs Clair
Clair uses alpine-secdb. However, the purpose of this database is to make it possible to know what packages has backported fixes. As README says, it is not a complete database of all security issues in Alpine.
Trivy collects vulnerability information in Alpine Linux from Alpine Linux aports repository.
Then, those vulnerabilities will be saved on vuln-list.
alpine-secdb has 6959 vulnerabilities (as of 2019/05/12).
vuln-list has 11101 vulnerabilities related to Alpine Linux (as of 2019/05/12).
There is a difference in detection accuracy because the number of vulnerabilities is nearly doubled.
In addition, Trivy analyzes the middle layers as well to find out which version of the library was used for static linking.
Clair can not handle the following cases because it analyzes the image after applying all layers.
RUN apk add --no-cache sqlite-dev \
&& wget https://xxx/yyy.tar.gz \
&& tar zxvf yyy.tar.gz && cd yyy \
&& make && make install \
&& apk del sqlite-dev
And as many people know, it is difficult to select a Clair client because many clients are deprecated.
Trivy is a stand-alone tool and can scan very fast. This means it's very easy to use in CI/CD.
Finally, Trivy can also detect vulnerabilities in application dependent libraries such as Bundler, Composer, Pipenv, etc.
vs Anchore Engine
Similar to Clair, there is a difference in detection accuracy on Alpine Linux.
Then, as noted above, Anchore Engine does not detect unfixable vulnerabilities on RHEL/CentOS, whereas Trivy does.
Also, Anchore Engine needs some steps to start scanning.
Trivy is much easier to use.
vs Quay, Docker Hub, GCR
As Quay uses Clair internally, it has the same accuracy as Clair. Docker Hub can scan only official images. GCR hardly detects vulnerabilities on Alpine Linux. Also, it is locked to a specific registry.
Trivy can be used regardless of the registry, and it is easily integrated with CI/CD services.
Migration
On 19 August 2019, Trivy's repositories moved from knqyf263/trivy to aquasecurity/trivy. If you previously installed Trivy you should update any scripts or package manager records as described in this section.
Overview
If you have a script that installs Trivy (for example into your CI pipelines) you should update it to obtain it from the new location by replacing knqyf263/trivy with aquasecurity/trivy.
For example:
# Before
$ wget https://github.com/knqyf263/trivy/releases/download/v${VERSION}/trivy_${VERSION}_Linux-64bit.tar.gz
# After
$ wget https://github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/releases/download/v${VERSION}/trivy_${VERSION}_Linux-64bit.tar.gzCentOS/RedHat
Use https://aquasecurity.github.io instead of https://knqyf263.github.io.
$ yum remove trivy
$ sed -i s/knqyf263/aquasecurity/g /etc/yum.repos.d/trivy.repo
$ yum update
$ yum install trivyDebian/Ubuntu
Use https://aquasecurity.github.io instead of https://knqyf263.github.io.
$ apt-get remove --purge trivy
$ sed -i s/knqyf263/aquasecurity/g /etc/apt/sources.list.d/trivy.list
$ apt-get update
$ apt-get install trivyHomebrew
Tap aquasecurity/trivy
$ brew uninstall --force trivy
$ brew untap knqyf263/trivy
$ brew install aquasecurity/trivy/trivyBinary
No need to fix.
Q&A
Homebrew
Error: Your macOS keychain GitHub credentials do not have sufficient scope!
$ brew tap aquasecurity/trivy
Error: Your macOS keychain GitHub credentials do not have sufficient scope!
Scopes they need: none
Scopes they have:
Create a personal access token:
https://github.com/settings/tokens/new?scopes=gist,public_repo&description=Homebrew
echo 'export HOMEBREW_GITHUB_API_TOKEN=your_token_here' >> ~/.zshrc
Try:
$ printf "protocol=https\nhost=github.com\n" | git credential-osxkeychain erase
Error: aquasecurity/trivy/trivy 64 already installed
$ brew upgrade
...
Error: aquasecurity/trivy/trivy 64 already installed
Try:
$ brew unlink trivy && brew uninstall trivy
($ rm -rf /usr/local/Cellar/trivy/64)
$ brew install aquasecurity/trivy/trivy
Others
GitHub Rate limiting
Specify GITHUB_TOKEN for authentication
https://developer.github.com/v3/#rate-limiting
$ GITHUB_TOKEN=XXXXXXXXXX trivy alpine:3.10
Unknown error
Try again with --reset option:
$ trivy --reset
Related Projects
- Remic
- Vulnerability Scanner for Detecting Publicly Disclosed Vulnerabilities in Application Dependencies
Credits
- Special thanks to Tomoya Amachi
- Special thanks to Masahiro Fujimura
- Special thanks to Naoki Harima
License
This repository is available under the GNU Affero General Public License v3.0
Author
Teppei Fukuda (knqyf263)
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