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Comments (12)

nlewo avatar nlewo commented on August 28, 2024

@nktpro Hm, i'm not able to reproduce:

nix run -L -v '.#packages.x86_64-linux.reproducer.copyToPodman'
Copy to podman image reproducer:jg504al70c43kw4888wv2frpx5jsbc9h
Getting image source signatures
Copying blob ba1cde528580 done  
Copying config eed45dc400 done  
Writing manifest to image destination
Storing signatures
{
    "Name": "docker.io/library/reproducer",
    "Digest": "sha256:2ee0148edebc4d46ce2c5f65744319fc2bd82ddf609a36f4382b58884bcf67f9",
    "RepoTags": [],
    "Created": null,
    "DockerVersion": "",
    "Labels": null,
    "Architecture": "amd64",
    "Os": "linux",
    "Layers": [
        "sha256:ba1cde52858099b4cfdde3e4503eab88300593d4bab604a85a2d04f418b6f39b"
    ],
    "Env": null
}

Are you on x86-linux machine?

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nktpro avatar nktpro commented on August 28, 2024

@nlewo I was testing this in an aarch64-darwin environment (Apple Silicon Macs). It indeed works correctly under both aarch64-linux and x86_64-linux, so I'm suspecting it's something along the line of this #23

The use case, which I believe is quite common among devs, is developing using Macs (darwin) with remote building Nix Linux servers. Essentially one would nix2container.buildImage remotely (yet seamlessly thanks to nix), then push the images locally for testing (to either a local Docker daemon with Docker Desktop or a local Docker Registry in a local Kubernetes cluster).

nix2container is such a perfect solution for this usage pattern across platforms because there's zero overhead of actually building all the layers and physically storing them on disk back to the nix store prior to pushing.

For some reasons the calculated digests based on the local /nix store on Darwin differ from Linux, very much like that other issue that had a workaround. Most packages I tested so far worked fine though, so there's something odd about that ncurses package. If you're interested, may I donate a remotely accessible Mac (like one hosted on https://www.macstadium.com/) which would help investigating further?

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nlewo avatar nlewo commented on August 28, 2024

If you're interested, may I donate a remotely accessible Mac

@nktpro if it's not too late, i would be interested in. You can ping me on matrix (lewo on the nixos chan) or by email with details.

Another approach would be to generate archive with image.copyTo docker-archive://tmp/archive.tgz on both architectures in order to compare the content of these archives. Diffoscope is really nice for this kind of need since it can take archives as input.

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nlewo avatar nlewo commented on August 28, 2024

@nktpro first of all, thanks for the remote mac access ;)

When we build the image (nix build ...), there is this file in the store: /nix/store/2y4hnw5zc2mjz9kc61n3pdgr35rc7r2s-ncurses-6.3-p20220507/share/terminfo/2/2621a -> ../h/hp2621

When we copy the image with Skopeo as user, Skopeo see this file instead: /nix/store/2y4hnw5zc2mjz9kc61n3pdgr35rc7r2s-ncurses-6.3-p20220507/share/terminfo/2/2621a~nix~case~hack~1 -> ../h/hp2621

Since filename are differents, the tar checksum differ (maybe there are some other differences).

Because I know nothing about macos, macos filesystem, nix hacks for macos, i don't know how we could fix this issue yet...

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nlewo avatar nlewo commented on August 28, 2024

The digest mismatch is due to the fact the MacOS filesystem (apfs) is case-insensitive. The Nix deamon use-case-hack settings is set to true, meaning filename are modified to support case-sensitive files on a case-insensitive FS. I think 2621a~nix~case~hack~1 is used to encode 2621a.

When the image.json file is built on your aarch64 machine with a case-sensitive FS, the filename 2621A is used: the layer hash is computed on an archive containing the filename 2621A and 2621a.

However, when Nix copies the built closure on the MacOS FS, which is case-insensitive, it needs to encode filenames to avoid collisions (2621a is rewritten to 2621a~nix~case~hack~1). To copy the image, Skopeo reads this filename to stream the archive: the archive then contains a filename 2621a~nix~case~hack~1 and hashes mismatch.

So, that's a weird issue... and i see two solutions.

  1. you could isolate the ncurses storepath into a dedicated layer with the flag reproducible=False. The layer is then no longer computed by Skopeo but stored as an archive.

  2. we could patch the Skopeo Darwin build: when the nix2container Go library (used by Skopeo) generate the tar stream, it could rewrite filenames containing the pattern ~nix~case~hack~1. I think this would make your use case working. However, if someone generates the image.json file on MacOS (with apfs) and use skopeo copy on the same machine, hashes would then differ :/ Note i don't know if this use case makes sense.

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nktpro avatar nktpro commented on August 28, 2024

Thanks @nlewo for looking into this! That's indeed one heck of an issue...

you could isolate the ncurses storepath into a dedicated layer with the flag reproducible=False. The layer is then no longer computed by Skopeo but stored as an archive.

I quickly tested this approach on a few existing real-world image builds, and the rabbit hole is quite deep. So far I found 3 very common transitive dependencies that share this same problem, which are ncurses, perl are iptables. Explicitly throwing them into reproducible=false layer indeed did seem to work around this. However, it requires surfacing those problematic transitive dependencies as explicit dependencies. Over time, after many changes from different people, it's also hard to keep track of whether some of those transitive-turned-explicit dependencies are still part of the graph or not :(. Applying this across many dozens of image definitions is quite a chore...

we could patch the Skopeo Darwin build: when the nix2container Go library (used by Skopeo) generate the tar stream, it could rewrite filenames containing the pattern nixcasehack1. I think this would make your use case working.

This definitely sounds viable. It's a bit of extra "magic" to reverse the prior "magic" from Nix daemon, but does not share any shortcomings of the 1st route.

However, if someone generates the image.json file on MacOS (with apfs) and use skopeo copy on the same machine, hashes would then differ :/ Note i don't know if this use case makes sense.

As far as I have seen, generating the image.json file natively on macOS has never been practically viable vs. remote building the derivation on a Linux machine with the right arch. It wouldn't work anyway because there's almost always intermediate derivations that require being on the right arch to build, especially when building multi-arch images (targeting both amd64 and arm64)

The only practical use case is being able to efficiently stream-push the downloaded nix store (whether from the remote builders or straight from a nix binary cache) to a local Docker daemon or local container registry for rapid testing. It's so efficient with nix2container because most of the time all the different store paths are already cached locally on the Macs once, which makes the pushes near instant.

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nlewo avatar nlewo commented on August 28, 2024

So, #55 should improve the situation. This would allow us to avoid the FS file order issue ;)

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nlewo avatar nlewo commented on August 28, 2024

Fixed by #48.

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purefn avatar purefn commented on August 28, 2024

Sorry to comment on an old issue, but I'm encountering a "digest mismatch" when pushing images to gitlab and to ECR on a x86_64-linux docker container running on an AWS EC2 instance. I'm not sure of the best way to diagnose the problem. Could one of you point me in the right direction? I would really appreciate it!

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nlewo avatar nlewo commented on August 28, 2024

@purefn It could be because of some differences between storepaths read at buildtime from storepaths read at runtime. At buildtime, nix2container generates the hash of the layer which is then also computed by the registry when the image is pushed (at runtime).

So, the first thing to do is to compare buildtime and runtime layers.

To do that, you could first start by generating the layer at runtime: you can run image.copyTo "docker-archive://tmp/image.tgz". Then, to generate the layer at buildtime, you can set the attribute reproducible = false;` in your image/layer definition. Nix will build the JSON manifest and a storepath containing the layers in tarballs.
Your could then compare these tarballs to find the differences.

Let me know if i need to provide more detail. (Ideally, i should write a guide to do that...)

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purefn avatar purefn commented on August 28, 2024

Unfortunately I ended up needing to restructure somethings because I was using buildImage and it doesn't support the reproducible attribute. So I had to move things into layers and that made the problem go away for now. I'll have to wait for the problem to recur.

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purefn avatar purefn commented on August 28, 2024

This is very strange. I'm not sure what is going on. Here's what I just discovered.

I had a build which was able to successfully push the docker image. In the build, this command was run by the nix2container copy-to script.

skopeo --insecure-policy copy nix:/nix/store/a4bqbj7krc6x40rfq45r59y79xyba09m-image-arbiter-core.json docker://registry/core:ed71c174
Getting image source signatures

Copying blob sha256:639fd8a4a6db43c96e68915b59a9e07fd87c41b32bdd747ec16f901ab918f871
Copying blob sha256:df9b9388f04ad6279a7410b85cedfdcb2208c0a003da7ab5613af71079148139
Copying blob sha256:82a7668656be571e4946e03c7ce13e70c563534f99bfb7b11451d2015789494e
Copying blob sha256:93a7bb3510ad4da878b5f7c7df1168a9a688821469c57a61318eab3d7353d5cb
Copying blob sha256:b5515e63b39777771c7e229485666ece0560afc5928f79f63d27a46fe8749b8c
Copying blob sha256:bbd58c630c9658bfb87bca16cb9d1026eba45f9e394219573a1c7577751f7be4
Copying blob sha256:8afca76230176d09bc180c0133c247fe2af1cb1b8a49ea2084c76e4158af39fb
Copying blob sha256:c29256576a3908e48137040a1ba2be8baf05a78adddd74c142f305a9a71a39f3
Copying blob sha256:a38eb251c6c16e4d28cd6d4d4f50153fcaac03199a0e8fb749b4d0522b98d46a
Copying blob sha256:e24256f2d5fe9ad9f6f171ef9ad80bcb554cf397048e07f9bef144854f5df2f3
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Copying blob sha256:c9d39247cbd60213cabe901a704bf3b71ac7a1dadee755e6154dcdc91d7d2907
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Copying blob sha256:63b30112f6eec0618b034c2ad88516fe08f4c2e2113269a92316ae84f76bd825
Copying config sha256:fa790c6cad643be3c5c255a7a42845c1cefd69ec0487d0b7411b2816bbd283d2
Writing manifest to image destination

There were some comments on review, so I made some changes to a few scripts. These changes did not affect the docker image built. I see almost the same command as above being run - only the tag is different, but it fails

skopeo --insecure-policy copy nix:/nix/store/a4bqbj7krc6x40rfq45r59y79xyba09m-image-arbiter-core.json docker://registry/core:7ab74aab
Getting image source signatures
Copying blob sha256:639fd8a4a6db43c96e68915b59a9e07fd87c41b32bdd747ec16f901ab918f871
Copying blob sha256:bbd58c630c9658bfb87bca16cb9d1026eba45f9e394219573a1c7577751f7be4
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Copying blob sha256:82a7668656be571e4946e03c7ce13e70c563534f99bfb7b11451d2015789494e
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Copying blob sha256:c3790f36a22f558cc542740042bea4213e596bd683efcdd477864d5ffd82b69a
Copying blob sha256:1aa22d2b92134ec930e75c78feb042ba39f39fd5f679d552b2126b0335b77538
Copying blob sha256:46c2008ad6e0a3ef04ddfead1965802e541d717cb5a1a34666cecb9009d96b2b
Copying blob sha256:45db7dfbb822478575dacd41906a01c1dbdf66bb8cf4381d9c1d558cf4773753
Copying blob sha256:d04ffa064be4df90e6636f4b15912ba391548085971dec6654c94173fb5e8b39
Copying blob sha256:45d11897bc1f84e1614575c1cfd736fc495e6bdc81ebe963a90175feb1d5c5b9
Copying blob sha256:3e22484ea6e1678ddda5991a33203e35cb65a39b4ee3a804d1a31b422e62c7ae
Copying blob sha256:5ae7ac09b7d0c68fd2c07b376f1a008e9202524ee80303539763b7c4f4ab2a1b
Copying blob sha256:a56214ef0f81284ae540f67967486ab0bca6a13f30774569c3c530e60eaec7d4
Copying blob sha256:3474f9a80142f6724d29667df568fcfee235df17b098ab0b4410761e39637b79
Copying blob sha256:63b30112f6eec0618b034c2ad88516fe08f4c2e2113269a92316ae84f76bd825
time="2023-08-31T17:24:06Z" level=fatal msg="writing blob: Patch \"https://registry.gitlab.com/v2/welllabs/health-engine/well-he-arbiter/arbiter-core/blobs/uploads/6187de27-6cdf-418f-b6c7-26424a788137?_state=DM4x_noAIl8kbwDW3pv3cQ90cUKs3eP_NPS0Deg5XpF7Ik5hbWUiOiJ3ZWxsbGFicy9oZWFsdGgtZW5naW5lL3dlbGwtaGUtYXJiaXRlci9hcmJpdGVyLWNvcmUiLCJVVUlEIjoiNjE4N2RlMjctNmNkZi00MThmLWI2YzctMjY0MjRhNzg4MTM3IiwiT2Zmc2V0IjowLCJTdGFydGVkQXQiOiIyMDIzLTA4LTMxVDE3OjI0OjA2LjAyNDg2MTkyOVoifQ%3D%3D\": happened during read: Digest did not match, expected sha256:a56214ef0f81284ae540f67967486ab0bca6a13f30774569c3c530e60eaec7d4, got sha256:6bada2e7ab242d3d2904c08ef0f245a0c46281fbdf33dea7b34a8e885d44f42e"

Comparing the digests of the blobs that are being copied, they are the exact same between the two runs, as you would expect, just in different orders.

To try and figure out what was going on, I tried adding reproducible = false; on my layers, as you suggested. When I tried that, it was able to push to layers successfully. I then tried again, this time without the reproducible attribute, and it worked.

Any suggestions on what to try next?

from nix2container.

Related Issues (20)

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