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llccing avatar llccing commented on July 22, 2024

在Angular中,过滤器(Filters)通常用于转换和格式化数据,以便在视图中显示。需要注意的是,AngularJS(Angular 1.x)中有内置的过滤器,而在现代的Angular(Angular 2及以后的版本)中,过滤器的概念被管道(Pipes)所取代。

以下是一些在现代Angular中常用的管道类型:

1. 内置管道

Angular 提供了一些常用的内置管道,帮助开发者进行常见的数据转换和格式化任务:

  • DatePipe:用于格式化日期和时间。
    {{ today | date:'yyyy-MM-dd' }}
  • UpperCasePipe:将字符串转换为大写。
    {{ 'hello' | uppercase }}
  • LowerCasePipe:将字符串转换为小写。
    {{ 'HELLO' | lowercase }}
  • CurrencyPipe:格式化数字为货币格式。
    {{ 1234.56 | currency:'USD' }}
  • DecimalPipe:格式化数字为小数格式。
    {{ 1234.56 | number:'1.2-2' }}
  • PercentPipe:格式化数字为百分比格式。
    {{ 0.1234 | percent }}
  • JsonPipe:将对象转换为 JSON 字符串。
    <pre>{{ object | json }}</pre>
  • SlicePipe:用于数组或字符串的切片操作。
    {{ [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] | slice:1:3 }}

2. 自定义管道

除了内置的管道,开发者还可以创建自定义管道,以满足特定的需求。以下是一个自定义管道的示例:

假设我们需要一个管道,将文本的每个单词的首字母大写:

import { Pipe, PipeTransform } from '@angular/core';

@Pipe({name: 'capitalize'})
export class CapitalizePipe implements PipeTransform {
  transform(value: string): string {
    if (!value) return value;
    return value.replace(/\b\w/g, first => first.toLocaleUpperCase());
  }
}

在模块中声明这个管道:

import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';
import { CapitalizePipe } from './capitalize.pipe';
import { AppComponent } from './app.component';

@NgModule({
  declarations: [
    AppComponent,
    CapitalizePipe
  ],
  imports: [
    BrowserModule
  ],
  providers: [],
  bootstrap: [AppComponent]
})
export class AppModule { }

在模板中使用这个自定义管道:

{{ 'hello world' | capitalize }}

3. 异步管道

  • AsyncPipe:处理异步数据流(如 PromiseObservable),自动订阅并解析其值。

    <div *ngIf="data$ | async as data">
      {{ data }}
    </div>

4. 组合管道

管道可以组合使用,以实现复杂的数据转换:

{{ (1234.56 | currency:'USD') | uppercase }}

总结来说,Angular中的管道(Pipes)是非常强大的工具,允许开发者轻松地转换和格式化数据,以便在视图中显示。内置管道涵盖了大多数常见的需求,而自定义管道则提供了灵活性,满足特定的应用需求。

from fe-interview.

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