A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away...
The general feel and use of the Yoda language is meant to mimic the speech patterns of the Jedi Master Yoda from Star Wars. Although Yoda's speech patterns can be inconsistent, his sentences typically follow an object-subject-verb word order. It is this pattern that Yoda-Lang replicates in terms of language syntax. When read aloud, all statements and expressions in Yoda-Lang should sound like Yoda himself is talking.
Scope
Yoda-Lang uses a specific style of scoping drawn from the wisdom of Master Yoda. When asked what is in a mysterious cave,
Yoda responds "Only what you take with you." In this way, variables must be brought in to a lower scope as a parameter in
order to be used.
Booleans and Arithmetic
Yoda-Lang uses a unique syntax pattern for boolean expressions and arithmetic. Like the rest of the language, the point is
to make it sound like Yoda is talking. Thus, our Boolean expressions follow the pattern (operator operand operand is?).
I.e. "greater than 3, y is?" Similarly, arithmetic follows the pattern (operator operand operand are). I.e.
"added 3 and y are."
Exceptions
Yoda-Lang does not use exceptions because "do or do not, there is no try."
Typing
Yoda-Lang uses strong, dynamic typing. While those who follow the light side of the force and those who follow
the dark side cannot cooperate, it is easy for the light to fall to darkness.
Yoda on the left; JavaScript on the right.
One line complete hello world script
"Hello, republic" you print console.log("Hello, republic");
Variable Declaration
"strong", force begins var force = strong;
800, years_training_jedi begins var years_training_jedi = 100;
Parallel Declaration
3 and 5, x and y begin var x = 3;
var y = 5;
Constants (compile-time error to update)
"disbelief", REASON_FOR_FAILURE must be /* No constants in JavaScript */
Assignment is not initialization
1, x begins var x = 1;
(+ x 1), x becomes x = x + 1;
x you print console.log(x);
Parallel Assignment
3 and 5 and 7 and 11, x and y and z and a become var x = 3, y = 5, z = 7, a = 11;
Arithmetic Expression
(* (/ y (- 4 x ) ) 2.5 ) y / (4 - x) * 2.5
Swap
3, x begins x = 3;
10, y begins y = 10;
x and y, y and x become _1 = x;
_2 = y;
y = _1;
x = _2;
Null/Null Test
null null
(= null x is?) x === null
Booleans
true true
false false
(< 3 4 is?) 4 < 3
(> 5 x is?)
(!= 1 n is?)
(((= 5 3 is?) & (>= 9 x is?)) | 3 === 5 & x >= 9 | 1 != y / 4 & !found
((!= (/ y 4 are) 1 is?) & (!found)))
Falsehood
0, 0.0, "", false, null 0, "", false, null, undefined, NaN
Arrays
[2, 3, 5, 7, 11], p begins var p = [2, 3, 5, 7, 11];
p[0] you print console.log(p[0]);
p, q begins var q = p;
[4, true, "000", q], a begins var a = [4, true, "000", q];
(on a length), you print console.log(a.length);
Last element (indices start at 0 from the left, -1 from the right)
p[-1] p[a.length - 1]
String Literals
"hi" "hi"
String Literal Escapes
"\"" "\""
Are strings mutable?
"yoda", x begins var x = "yoda";
(+ x " loves pie" ), x becomes x += " loves pie";
String Comparison
(= "hi" "bye" is?) "hi" === "bye"
String Concatenation
(+ "hi" "bye" ) "hi" + "bye"
Function declaration, one parameter
{give back (* x x ) you must} given x, square gives var square = function (x) {
return x * x;
};
Function declaration, two parameters
{give back (+ x y ) you must } given x and y, plus gives var plus = function (x, y) { return x + y; }; Function declaration, zero parameters
{give back 0 you must } given nothing, zero gives var zero = function () {
return 0;
};
Function declaration, multiline
{ var bmi = function (pounds, inches) {
0.45359237, KILOGRAMS_PER_POUND begins var KILOGRAMS_PER_POUND = 0.45359237;
0.0254, METERS_PER_INCH begins var METERS_PER_INCH = 0.0254;
(* pounds KILOGRAMS_PER_POUND are), kilos begins var kilos = pounds * KILOGRAMS_PER_POUND;
(* inches METERS_PER_INCH are), meters begins var inches = inches * METERS_PER_INCH;
give back (/ kilos (* meters meters are)) you must return kilos / (meters * meters)
} given pounds and inches, bmi gives };
Function call
(on 8 square) square(8)
(on 7 and 4 plus) plus(7, 4)
(on (on 8 and (- 2 (on 11 square)) plus) square) square(plus(8, 2 - square(11)))
(+ (on 155 and 71 bmi) (on nothing zero)) you print console.log(bmi(155, 71) + zero());
Conditional Expressions
{3 you print} if (> 2 x is?) if (x > 2) {console.log(3);}
{give back false you must} if (!found) if (!found) {return false;}
{give back "A" you must} if (>= 90 grade is?) if (grade >= 90) {
else {give back "B" you must} if (>= 80 grade is?) return "A";
else {give back "C" you must} if (>= 70 grade is?) } else if (grade >= 80) {
else {give back "D" you must} if (>= 60 grade is?) return "B";
else {give back "F" you must} } else if (grade >= 70) {
return "C";
} else if (grade >= 60) {
return "D";
} else {
return "F";
}
((< 5 y is?) hmm? ++y hmm --y) 5 < y ? y++ : y--;
For loops
{x you print} as through 1 to 10 x runs for (var x = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
console.log(x);
}
{ for (var x = 1; i <= 10; i += 2) {
(* x x ) you print console.log(x * x);
} as through 1 to 10 by 2 x runs }
[spot, sparky, spike], pet_list begins var pet_list = [spot, sparky, spike]
{ for (var _1 = 0; _1 < pet_list.length; _1++) {
(on dog bark) var dog = pet_list[i];
(on dog run) dog.bark();
(on dog sit) dog.run();
} as through pet_list dog runs dog.sit();
}
While loops
{ while (n != 1) {
{(+ (* 3 n ) 1 ),n becomes} if(= 0 (% n 2) is?) if (n % 2 === 0) {
else {(/ n 2 ), n becomes n = 3 * n + 1;
} while (!= 1 n is?) } else {
n = n / 2;
}
}
Function with multiple returns
{ var isPrime = function (n) {
{give back false you must} if (< 2 max is?) if (max < 2) {
{ return false;
{give back false you must} if (= 0 (% n d) is?) }
} as through 3 to (on n sqrt) d runs for (var d = 3; d <= Math.sqrt(n); d++) {
give back true you must if (n % d === 0) {
} given n, is_prime gives return false;
}
}
return true;
}
Closure
{ var counter = function (i) {
0, i begins var i = 0;
give back {(+= i 1 )} given nothing you must return function () {i += 1;};
} given i, counter gives };
Binary, Octal, and Hex Literals
0x, 0b, 0o
May the Force be with you.
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